我國「所得稅法」部分條文於2014年修正通過,在「兩稅合一」制度上,由完全設算扣抵制改為部分扣抵制,將可扣抵稅額予以減半,並增加綜合所得淨額超過1,000萬元部分,適用45%稅率之規定。因公司營利事業所得稅與個人綜合所得稅率不同,當投資人收取公司股利時,可能要付出更高的個人稅金額,或得到較少退稅額度。基於此,本研究探討是否因稅制變動影響股東稅負壓力而使得國內上市公司股利政策有所變化。 研究主要觀察可扣抵稅額減半實施前公司股利發放情形,及在實施可扣抵稅額減半下個人持股比率對公司股利政策之影響,並分別選取2011年至2013年期間1,287家,及2011年至2014年1,716家非管制行業(金融、郵電燃氣)之上市公司進行檢測,結果發現:(一)可扣抵稅額減半實施前(2013年),公司會增加年度總股利及現金股利金額之發放。(二)實施可扣抵稅額減半年度(2014年),公司仍會延續前一年度之股利政策,增發年度總股利及現金股利金額。(三)在可扣抵稅額減半實施下,公司的個人持股比率愈高,其總股利、現金股利愈少,顯示因公司稅率與個人稅率不同,公司會考慮股東稅負壓力,對其股利政策進行調整。
In 2014, Taiwan amended “Income Tax Law” to halve the shareholder tax deductible amount and added the income tax rate to 45% for whose net consolidated income exceeds NT$ 10 million. The investors probably pay more income taxes or get less shareholder tax deductible amounts (indicates shareholders suffer more pressures of tax) under preceding regulations. Therefore, this study explores the impact of the tax system reform on dividend policy from the view of halving the shareholder Tax-deductible amount. The study mainly investigates the situation of dividend payment before the execution of halving the shareholder Tax-deductible amount and analyzes the relationship between personal shareholding ratio and company dividend policy after the execution of halving the shareholder Tax-deductible amount. It is separately selected 1,278 and 1,716 non-financial listed firm-year observations from the period of 2011-2013 and the period of 2011-2014. The empirical evidences demonstrate: (1) before the execution of halving the shareholder tax-deductible amount (year 2013), companies increase the payment of total dividend and cash dividend;(2) In the year of execution of halving the shareholder tax-deductible amount (year 2014), companies continue their previous (year 2013) dividend policy to increase the payment of total dividend and cash dividend;(3) Under the execution of halving the shareholder tax-deductible amount, there is a negative relationship between personal shareholding ratio and payment of total dividend and cash dividend. This shows that the companies will consider the tax pressures of shareholders, and adjust their dividend policy.