- 學位論文
影響刑事審判結案時間因素之研究—以臺灣板橋地方法院為例
A Study on the Factors Influencing the Time Length of Criminal Trial：the Taiwan Banciao District Court Case
摘要
迅速審判在近代司法有其重要之獨立意涵，其不僅可以迅速讓犯罪人儘速獲得懲罰，在犯罪預防上得到其應有之效果；從另一角度來看，更可說是對於被告基本人權之重要保障。先進國家諸如美國、日本等，均已或逐漸建立迅速審判法制，並明文賦予違反迅速審判之一定效果，然我國法制上仍未見有迅速審判制度之雛形，且因審判上之延宕時有所聞，經常為民眾及媒體所詬病。我國刑事審判在結案時間上為何迭有結案時間過長或不合理之情形，其可能因素究竟為何，乃成為本研究所欲探討之方向，蓋惟有透過對此等因素之瞭解，方可能對症下藥，找出可行之解決方法，亦才有可能在此基礎上與現代司法接軌，進一步構建我國迅速審判之制度。 本研究選擇藉由質化研究的深度訪談方法，運用研究者依據文獻探討而設計之各項可能影響因素，作為訪談實施之主要架構。研究並以立意取樣之方式，以臺灣板橋地方法院十位刑事審判資歷三年以上之刑事庭法官作為訪談對象，使每位受訪法官均能清楚陳述影響結案時間之具體因素及其背後之原因、影響程度為何，同時進一步瞭解受訪法官對於如何檢討改進各該影響因素之意見。另外本研究亦蒐集、介紹美國、日本、歐洲人權公約有關迅速審判之立法例，同時亦探討我國法制現狀，且相互比較，資以整合作為我國日後採取迅速審判制度之立法或修法參考。 研究結果發現，儘管司法院現在已推動所謂之「改良式當事人進行主義」之刑事審判制度，在「人的層面」上，被認為主導訴訟而影響結案時間最鉅者，仍係「法官」之因素，包括法官之勤惰、健康、家庭及個性等原因。多數受訪法官認為對結案時間「非常有影響」之前四名因素則是「案件複雜程度」、「案件數量」、「交互詰問」與「全面合議」，此四項因素會互相交錯影響，造成案件庭期相互排擠，而形成「排擠效果」。是以如何解決此種排擠效果，當係最值得吾人思考之重點。再者，就現實面而言，受訪法官均感到工作負荷過重，且審判人力不足或分配不均，在此種現況下，對於建立迅速審判制度，受訪法官均持保留意見，雖然多數受訪法官肯定迅速審判之精神與價值。有鑑於此，本研究針對研究發現，亦具體提出若干建議，期供政策作為或立法之參考。 本研究主要建議約略如下：應積極建立法官之職務監督、進修及經驗傳承之體制，且應強化檢察官起訴品質，建立妥適之撤回機制，並且對於律師、書記官、法官助理均應有妥適之職前訓練制度。對於日益增多之案件數量，應思考是否作全面性之除罪化審查，且考慮就輕微財產案件採取告訴乃論之規定。另在司法行政可著力之部分，本研究建議司法院應考慮協調各專業機關或單位，提供專業助理協助法官承辦案件，並與各主要鑑定機關、學校建立內部快速之聯絡網路，減少因鑑定所造成之時間浪費，同時檢討法院之民刑人力配置當否，以實質增加審判人力資源。最後在法制方面，應檢討全面合議之必要性，並解開裁判書類文化帶給法官之長年桎梏，對於迅速審判制度之建立則應採取審慎之長期性計畫、研究，極應避免諸如全面合議之倉促粗糙立法。
並列摘要
This study used the depth interviews, and based on the research of literature, designed various possible influencing factors, as the main framework for the implementation of the interview. At the same time, using purposeful sampling method to interview 10 criminal judges (trial for more than three years experience) of Taiwan Banciao District Court, so that each interviewed judge could clearly state the specific factors influencing the time length of criminal trial and the reasons behind, further understanding the interviewed judges’ views on how to improve the influencing factors. In addition this study also introduced the legislation of the speedy trial in the United State, Japan and so on, but also introduced the current status of Taiwan, and compared each other, as our future reference of legislation of speedy trial system. The results of this study found that "judge" was considered the most influential factors in the "human issue", including the judge’s hard-working, lazy, health, family or personality and so on. Most of the interviewed judges thought that "very influential" in the top four factors influencing the time length of criminal trial are "the complexity of the case", "the number of the case", "cross-examination" and "comprehensive collegiate." These four factors influenced each other, resulted in the Court’s mutual exclusion, and formed "Crowding-out effect." So how to solve Crowding-out effect is the most worthy of our considerable focus. Speaking on the reality , these interviewed judges felt the work overload, lack of trial’s manpower and the unequal distribution. In this current situation, all judges hold reservations for the establishment of speedy trial system, although the majority of judges affirmed the spirits and values of speedy trial. This study's main recommendations are probably as follows: we should actively establish the system in the supervision, learning and experience transfer of judges, and should strengthen the quality of the prosecution, establish the proper system of the withdrawal, and lawyers, clerks, judge’s assistants have to accept the appropriate pre-service training. For a growing number of cases, we should review comprehensively whether to decriminalize, and consider taking indictable only upon complaint for minor property cases. This study recommended that Judicial Yuan should coordinate with professional agencies or units to provide professional assistance to the judges, and establish the internal communication network of "identification", and so on. Finally, the establishment of speedy trial system should be long-term research, carefully planned to avoid hasty legislation.