獨立機關職掌宜包括擬訂政策－以公平交易法第 25 條規定為論

Independent Agencies have the power of making policy －focus on Article 25 of Fair Trade Act

徐秀鳳(Hsiu-feng Hsu)

指導教授 ： 單驥

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

依法律所設置之獨立機關於我國憲政運作上是新的嘗試，且與行政院間具有相對獨立性。考量目前行政、立法兩權在憲法結構上和政治上的僵局，及獨立機關本質上和行政一體、責任政治之衝突下，本文藉由觀察各國獨立機關起源及建置目的，確定我國獨立機關之獨立性具有堅強之憲法理由。
行政院於司法院大法官釋字第613號解釋發布後即修正「獨立機關與行政院關係運作說明」，認為獨立機關並無獨立為政策決定之職權，而僅為個案處理具獨立性，惟該號解釋表示獨立機關得排除行政監督，並未將獨立機關之決定區分為個案決定與通案政策決定。又行政院金融監督管理委員會組織法、國家通訊傳播委員會組織法及公平交易法皆賦予金管會、通傳會及公平會得為通案性政策決及法規擬訂之職權。故行政院顯然延伸該號解釋，並剝奪立法者賦予獨立機關政策決定之職權。
我國公平會依據公平交易法第25條規定，對於公平交易法之執行及政策之研擬，係基於實際執法經驗所研擬之競爭政策，當更具有解決問題、付諸實行的可能性。

關鍵字

公平會 ； 職權獨立性 ； 獨立機關 ； 設置必要性 ； 行政一體 ； 責任政治

並列摘要

An independent agency set up according to law is a brand new attempt in Taiwan’s constitutional framework. It is relatively independent from the Executive Yuan. Taking the current constitutional, political deadlock between executive and legislative powers and the innate incompatibility between independent agencies and politics of administrative unity and accountability into consideration, this thesis reviews the establishment of independent agencies in other countries and finds out some constitutional reasons in the independency of our independent agencies.
After Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 613, Executive Yuan revised “The Relationship Statement between Independent Agencies and Executive Yuan”. E.Y. thought independent agencies have no power of decision-making independently and only deal with cases independently. But J.Y. Interpretation No. 613 thought independent agencies are relatively independent from the E.Y. and never thought the power of decision-making in independent agencies is divided into dealing with cases and making general policy. Moreover, “Organic Act Governing the Establishment of Financial Supervisory Commission, Executive Yuan”, “National Communications Commission Organization Act” and “Fair Trade Act”regulate that FSC, NCC and FTC have the power of making general policy or drawing up statutes. As a result, E.Y. wrongly explains J.Y. Interpretation No. 613 and takes off the power of making general policy in the independent agencies.
According to Article 25 of Fair Trade Act, FTC shall be in charge of the preparation and formulation of fair trade policy, laws and regulations. And FTC, which bases on its experiences of investigating and handling various activities impeding competition, could make effective and efficient competition policy.

並列關鍵字

an independent agency ； necessity of establishment ； FTC

參考文獻

李惠宗（2006），國家通訊傳播委員會組織法違憲性的探討－司法院大法官釋字第六一三號解釋評釋，台灣本土法學雜誌，第86期，頁58-78。

陳淑芳（2006），獨立機關之設置及其人事權－評司法院大法官釋字第六一三號解釋，月旦法學雜誌，第137期，頁41-59。

蔡茂寅（2002），政策統合機關、獨立機關定位及設立原則探討，國家政策季刊，創刊號，頁23-38。

三、美國聯邦最高法院判決

林明鏘（2006），正當性與相當性原則下之國家通訊傳播委員會組織法－評大法官釋字第六一三號解釋，台灣本土法學雜誌，第86期，頁79-83。