- 學位論文
中文程度副詞蠻和太的性質
On the Properties of the Chinese Degree Adverbs Man and Tai
摘要
本論文探討中文程度副詞蠻和太的性質。可修飾性是可修飾形容詞的典型特徵。在中文裡，當可修飾形容詞作述語時，程度副詞必須要出現。許多學者對中文最常見的程度副詞很做過研究；但關於中文裡其他程度副詞卻少有人討論。中文裡有部分的程度副詞使用會伴隨著句末標記一起出現像是蠻和太，這兩個程度副詞分別伴隨著句末標記的和了一起出現。我主張程度副詞的不同不只在於表達不同的程度量，語意及句法的不同也造成了程度副詞有不同的分布情形以及伴隨著不同的句末標記。在論文裡，首先我描述兩個程度副詞分布情形，發現程度副詞蠻基本上不出現在否定範距、問句及條件句中；至於程度副詞太，由於語意的關係，在一些情態、結果子句和讓步子句中使用上會有一些限制。接著我提出分析，根據Ernst(2009) 的準則我主張程度副詞蠻是一個正向極詞，不能出現在非真實的語境中，而且其主觀性造成句末標記的的出現；另一方面，程度副詞太的使用意涵著形容詞包含了一個最大值，當最大值不存在，程度副詞太的使用就不洽當，此外在太結構中的句末標記了指出此命題與說話者的期待相反，並且可做為語言行為操作元使陳述句可以表達感嘆用法。
並列摘要
This thesis discusses the properties of the Chinese degree adverbs, man and tai. Gradability is the typical property of gradable adjectives. In Mandarin Chinese, when gradable adjectives function as predicates, degree adverbs must appear. Many scholars study the commonest Chinese degree adverb hen. However, there are few literatures discussing other degree adverbs. In Chinese, some of degree adverbs accompany sentence-final particles, including man and tai. There two adverbs co-occur with particle de and le respectively. I argue that the distinction between different degree adverbs is not restricted to expressing different degree values. The semantic and syntactic differences make the degree adverbs have different distributions and accompany different sentence-final particles. In the thesis, first, I describe the distributions of the two degree adverbs. I find the degree adverb man generally does not appear in negation scope, questions and conditional clauses. As for the degree adverb tai, because of its semantics, its use has some restrictions in some modalities, result clauses and concession clauses. Then, I propose my analysis. According to Ernst’s (2009) criteria, I argue that the degree adverb man is a positive polarity item. It cannot appear in non-veridical environments, and its subjectivity causes the occurrence of the particle de. On the other hand, the use of the degree adverb tai implies the adjectives contain a maximal value. When no maximal exists, the use of the degree adverb tai is infelicitous. Moreover, the particle le in the tai construction indicates that the proposition is contrary to speakers’ expectation, and it can function as a speech-act operator making declaratives express exclamation.