- 學位論文
脂肪酸鉀鹽對有機栽培番木瓜神澤氏葉蟎的致死作用
Lethal Action of Potassium Fatty Acid Salts on Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida in Organic Cultivation of Carica papaya
摘要
摘要 學號：N10111005 論文題目：脂肪酸鉀鹽對有機栽培番木瓜神澤氏葉蟎的致死作用 總頁數：72 學校名稱：國立屏東科技大學 系（所）別：農園生產系 畢業時間及摘要別：103學年度第2學期碩士學位論文摘要 研究生：郭明昇 指導教授：王鐘和 陳文華 博士 論文摘要內容： 番木瓜（Carica papaya L.）是台灣南部重要果樹之一，主要的經濟栽培品種為台農2號，危害的葉蟎種類中以神澤氏葉蟎(Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida)最嚴重。一般農民常以化學藥劑防治，但化學藥劑長期施用下常引發抗藥性並有農藥殘留之虞，也可能加重蟎害問題。肥皂為天然油脂皂化而成，其中鉀皂更是很多國家有機農業允許使用的物質。但不同的油脂所含的脂肪酸種類也不同，本研究以常見油脂所含的10-18個碳的飽和及不飽和脂肪酸，量化單一的脂肪酸鉀鹽對神澤氏葉蟎各齡期的致死率，並試驗較便宜及常見的市售椰子油、棕櫚油、棉子油及大豆油等油脂皂化後的鉀皂在神澤氏葉蟎各齡期的致死率與田間試驗防治率，作為番木瓜栽培管理時神澤氏葉蟎防治的參考選用依據。室內試驗時脂肪酸鉀鹽2％溶液對神澤氏葉蟎的各齡期72小時致死率有顯著性差異，以較短鏈10-12個碳的飽和脂肪酸鉀鹽及長鏈18個碳的不飽和脂肪酸鉀鹽致死作用最顯著，可達61.1-86.7％；14-18個碳的飽和脂肪酸鉀鹽致死率較差，僅達16.7-55.6％。而各種脂肪酸鉀鹽對神澤氏葉蟎卵的未孵化率皆低於28.9％作用不顯著。室內試驗時四種油脂皂化後的鉀皂2％溶液對神澤氏葉蟎各齡期的72小時致死率可達58.9-83.3％，其中以椰子油鉀皂致死率最高而棕櫚油鉀皂較低。而四種油脂鉀皂對神澤氏葉蟎卵的未孵化率皆低於14.4％作用不顯著。四種鉀皂對番木瓜植株田間試驗時2％溶液對神澤氏葉蟎一次處理時7日防治率為56.5-66.2％，間隔7日連續二次處理時7日防治率為62.8-71.8％，以椰子油鉀皂及大豆油鉀皂防治率較高。 關鍵字：脂肪酸鉀鹽、鉀皂、神澤氏葉蟎、番木瓜
並列摘要
Abstract Student ID: N10111005 Title of Thesis: Lethal Action of Potassium Fatty Acid Salts on Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida in Organic Cultivation of Carica papaya Total Page: 72 Name of Institute: National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Department of Plant Industry Graduate Date: 2015.07.15 Degree Conferred: Master Name of Student: Ming-Sheng Kuo Adviser: Chong-Ho Wang,Ph.D. Wen-Hua Chen, Ph.D. The Contents of Abstract in this Thesis: Papaya (Carica papaya L.), one important fruit tree in southern Taiwan, whose major breed falls on TAINUNG No. 2. Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida was the most hazardous mite. Farmers tend to use chemicals to tackle, but in the long run, papaya plants will have chemical resistance and the control of pesticide residue. What’s worse, the mite problem will be aggravated.Soap is saponified by natural oil. In addition, potassium soap, allowed to be used in organic farming in many countries. Different types of oils, however, contain different fatty acids.This study quantifies the lethal rates against Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida in different life stages, focusing on common oils which contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with 10-18 carbon atoms. It also tests cheaper oils sold in the market, such as coconut oil, palm oil, cotton seed oil and soybean oil. The saponified potassium salts of which lead to the lethal rates against Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida in different life stages. The test results serve as a reference for dealing with Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida while growing papaya.While conducting the indoor experiments, 2% potassium salts of fatty acids solution has distinctively different effect (within 72-hour lethal rate) on various life stages, the most significant lethal rate reaches up to 61.8-86.7%, falling on the shorter-chain saturated potassium salts of fatty acids with 10-12 carbon atoms and the long-chain unsaturated fatty acid potassium salt with 18 carbon atoms. Second to it, saturated fatty acid potassium salt with 14-18 carbon atoms has inferior lethal rate, 16.7-55.6% only. On the other hand, all kinds of fatty acid potassium salts have insignificant effect on the nonhatch rate of the eggs, below 28.9%. 2% liquid potassium soaps poses 58.9-83.3% lethal rate (within-72-hour) to various life stages, coconut oil potassium soap functions better, while palm oil potassium soap is inferior. All oil potassium soaps mentioned above have insignificant effect on the nonhatch rate of the eggs, below 14.4%. As for the field experiment, the 7-day-long prevention and cure rate is 56.5-66.2% when the liquid forms of the four oil potassium soaps are used on papaya plants once a week. And it accounts for 62.8-71.8% when the papaya plants are treated with the same liquid soaps once a week for 14 days. Coconut oil potassium soap and soybean oil potassium soap, exclusively, function better cure and prevention rate. Key words: Potassium fatty acid salts , Potassium soap, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida , Carica papaya L.