茄子葉蟎化學防治改進

Improvement on the Chemical Control of the Spider Mites of Eggplant

何琦琛(Chyi-Chen Ho) ； 陳文華(Wen-Hua Chen)

《中華農業研究》 45卷3期 (1996/09) Pp. 285-296

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199609.0007

摘要

自彰化、雲林及屏東等縣的不同茄園中採集二點葉蟎(Tetranychus urticae Koch)及神澤氏葉蟎(T. kanzawai Kishida)，攜回養蟲室飼育後，測試12種殺蟎劑對雌成蟎的毒性。其中50% formetanate S.P.、68.1% propargite E.C.及35% Venthene W.P.對各地茄園葉蟎均可防治，但屏東地區已有茄園葉蟎對前者的推廣濃度不敏感，後二種藥劑推廣濃度也對部分地區茄園葉蟎（主要是二點葉蟎）已無抑制力。25% bromopropylate E.C.及25.5% Nissol E.C.雖對大多數受測茄園的葉蟎尚具防治功效，但對許多茄園的二點葉蟎效果可慮。46.5% ethion E.C.、2.8% cyhalothrin E.C.及50% fenbutatin-oxide W.P.對神澤氏葉蟎尚具防治效果，唯在屏東地區防治效果堪虞。20% pyridaben E.C.為1993年方登記推廣於臺灣的殺蟎劑，亦已對茄園葉蟎缺乏防治功效。Formetanate的推廣濃度對溫氏捕植蟎(Amblyseius womerselyi Schicha)雌成蟎毒性高，死亡率100%；但對小癭蚊(Feltiella minuta Felt.)的毒性不很高，蛹及第3齡幼蟲的死亡率均未超過30%。Propargite的推廣濃度殺死約10%的小癭蚊及1.4%的溫氏捕植蟎。Venthene對兩種天敵的致死率都在20%左右。田間間隔7、14、21、28天施用Venthene防治葉蟎，間隔7天施藥區葉蟎發生較其它處理區為少。間隔7、10、14天施用Venthene防治葉蟎，雖然統計上多不顯著，間隔14天施藥區的茄果在數量或長度上低於間隔7或10天施藥區者。綜合以上結果，乃將防治葉蟎施藥間隔暫選為10天。

關鍵字

茄子 ； 葉蟎 ； 化學防治

並列摘要

Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. kanzawai Kishida were collected from various eggplant fields that located in Changhua, Yunlin, and Pintung County, and were reared in insectary with soybean seedlings. The toxicity of 12 acaricides to the adult female mites was tested in the laboratory. The 50% formetanate S.P., 68.1% propargite E.C., and 35% Venthene W.P. were able to kill the tested spider mites, excepting some of the spider mites were not sensitive to the recommended concentration of these chemicals. The acaricides, 25% bromopropylate E.C. and 25.5% Nissol E.C. were usable in most tested fields, but were not good to T. urticae in many cases. 46.5% ethion E.C., 2.8% cyhalothrin E.C., and 50% fenbutatin-oxide W.P. were effective in killing kanzawa spider mites, but were not good in Pintung County. 20% pyridaben E.C. that registered in Taiwan in 1993 was not effective also. Formetanate gave 100% mortality to Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha at recommended concentration, but gave mortalities less than 30% to the pupae and the third instar larvae of Feltiella minuta Felt. Propargite killed approximately 10% and 1.4% of predacious midges and phytoseiids, respectively. Venthene caused a mortality of approximately 20% to both predators. When applied Venthene in a time interval of 7 days, the spider mite population was less than applying miticide in an interval of 14, 21, and 28 days. Applying Venthene every 14 days produced less or shorter eggplant fruit although it might not differ significantly in statistics. Considering the above results, the application of miticide in 10 days' interval is temporary assigned to control spider mites on eggplant.

並列關鍵字

Eggplant ； Spider mite ； Chemical control