- 期刊
朱子的四端七情理發氣發問題
On the Issue of Chu-hsi's Viewpoint between the Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings and Their Issuance from the Principle and the Material Force
並列摘要
According to the theory of Chu-hsi, the mind combines the nature and the feelings. Thus when the mind is perfectly still and does not act, it is the nature that is the substance of the mind; when it is stirred and goes forth penetratingly, it is feelings that are the function of the mind. The Nature is Humanity, Righteousness, Propriety, and Wisdom. The Feelings both The Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings. The Four Beginnings are commiseration, shame and dislike, modesty and deference, and approving and disapproving. And The Seven Feelings are joy, anger, grief, fear, love, hatred, and desire. The principle (Li) and the material force (Chi) constitute the mind. The principle is as an order and the material force is only a tool. Therefore, when the nature issues as feelings, it is the actual feelings that are on the side of material force; what they manifest, ideally, is the principle. Chu-hsi does not have an orthodox theory on whether the issuance of the Four Beginnings and the Seven Feelings is the principle issue or the material force issue. In Chu-his's point of view, he sometimes says all are issued by the principle, and sometimes says all are issued by the material force upon the issuance from the nature to the feelings. Only in the volume fifty-three of ”The Classified Conversation of Master Chu” when Chu-hsi discusses about The Four Beginnings chapter in ”Mencius,” he mentions ”the Four Beginnings are issued by the principle, and the Seven Feelings are issued by the material force.” No equivalent expression can be seen in any of Chu-his's other works, such as ”The Compete Works of. Master Chu”, ”Commentary on the Four Books”, and ”Questions and Answers on the Four Books” etc. There is no orthodox theory on the relationship between the Four Beginnings and the Seven Feelings either. He sometimes says that the Seven Feelings can be derived from the Four Beginnings, but sometimes not. The purpose of this paper is to make a detailed discussion on whether the nature and the feelings are issued by the principle or the material force, and the relationship the Four Beginnings and the Seven Feelings, to clarify Chu-his's opinion on this topic.