- 期刊
Dynamic Three-Dimensional Display of Common Congenital Cardiac Defects from Reconstruction of Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Images
二維超音波之動態三度空間影像重組於常見先天性心臓病之應用
摘要
二維超音波長久以來來已被視爲診斷先天性心臓病之基本工具。很早即有研究者嚐試將二維超音波影像組合成立體影像，以對心臓立體結構之空間關系有更直接的瞭解，尤其當有複雜性先天性結構異常時。然而由於受於諸多因素使得進展相當緩慢。
本研究係以一新引進之影像擷取及處理系統，與超音波掃描設備連接，進行超音波檢查時利用一馬達將超音波探頭以固定角度旋轉，並即時將不同角度之超音波影像數位化且讀入處理系統之電腦中於以儲存，而後進行組合及分析。
自1994年12月起至1995年4月止，自接受心臓超音波檢查病人中，挑選35人記錄其三度空間超音波影像之原始資料於光碟片中。俟後利用影像處理系統之軟體，首先將各切面之二維超音波像素(pixel),組合成連續性之三維元素(voxel)，之後即可將組合之立體像作任意角度之切面，再經過消除雜訊、背景等步驟，最後呈現心臓之立體結構。
結果：本研究中，將數種常見之先天性心臓病，以三度空間影像重組方式呈現其病兆之立體結構，除可以固定畫面作各種測量外，動態之立體結構則以影像介面連接錄影設備製成錄影帶。本研究將4例心室中隔缺損患者，2例心房中隔缺損，及2例主動脈瓣狹窄之患童3度空間重組影像作出分析。
結論：作者等使用經由雙面超音波心圖直接經由與電腦介面作訊號處理後，可得到清晰明確之三度間影像資料。因此認爲此種三度空間影像方式，已爲心臓超音波之診斷邁進一個新的境界。在小兒心臓診斷上具有前瞻性之重要意義。清晰的呈現立體空間中各種心臓缺損及瓣膜狹窄的結構，因此預期未來數年科技之更進一步發展將可使本技術更加成熟而在臨床上有更廣泛之應用。
並列摘要
Background: Two-dimensional echocardiography had long been a standard diagnostic modality for congenital heart disease. Further attempts of three-dimensional reconstruction using two-dimensional echocardiographic images to visualize stereotypic structure of cardiac lesions have been successful only recently. So far only very few studies have been done to display three-dimensional anatomy of the heart through two-dimensional image acquisition because such complex procedures were involved.
Materials and Methods: This study introduced a recently developed image acquisition and processing system for dynamic three-dimensional visualization of various congenital cardiac lesions. From December 1994 to April 1995, 35 cases were selected in the Echo Laboratory here from about 3000 Echo examinations completed. Each image was acquired on-line with specially designed high resolution image grazmber with EKG and respiratory gating technique. Off-line image processing using a windowarchitectured interactive software package includes construction of 2-D ehcocardio -graphic pixel to 3-D “voxel” with conversion of orthogonal to rotatory axial system, interpolation, extraction of region of interest, segmentation, shading and, finally, 3D rendering.
Results: Three-dimensional anatomy of various congenital cardiac defects was shown, including four cases with ventricular septal defects, two cases with atrial septal defects, and two cases with aortic stenosis. Dynamic reconstruction of a “beating heart” is recorded as vedio tape with video interface.
Conclusions: The potential application of 3D display of the reconstruction from 2D echocardiographic images for the diagnosis of various congenital heart defects has been shown. The 3D display was able to improve the diagnostic ability of echocardiography, and clear-cut display of the various congenital cardiac defects and vavular stenosis could be demonstrated. Reinforcement of current techniques will expand future application of 3D display of conventional 2D images.
延伸閱讀
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