接種期對叢枝菌根菌繁殖與溫度對孢子發芽之影響

Effects of Inoculation Timing on Spore Production and Temperature on Spore Germination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

莊明富(Ming-Fuh Chuang) ； 程永雄(Yung-Hsiung Cheng)

《台灣農業研究》 54卷3期 (2005/09) Pp. 184-194

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2005.05403.05

摘要

百喜草每隔兩週接種叢枝菌根菌，進行為期一年的菌種繁殖調查，供試菌種有Glomus aggregatum (Ga)、G. etunicatum (Ge)、G. mosseae (Gm)及Acaulospora scrobiculata (As)。結果顯示四個菌種除As外，全年接種均可感染並形成菌根，As在5-9月接種，菌根形成率較高，其餘時期接種則感染甚低或未感染。百克土孢子數較高之接種時期，Ga在1-4月，Ge在1-4月及8-9月，Gm在5-10月，As則在5-9月中，這些期間接種，平均各菌種百克土之孢子（堆）數，分別為54、4024、1019及2010。此外，利用孔徑0.45μm過濾膜包埋孢子並置於河砂中，調查其在20, 24, 28及32℃定溫箱中之發芽情形，結果顯示Ga與Ge適於發芽的溫度範圍較廣(20-32℃)，但兩者仍有差異，Ga在28, 32℃有較高的發芽率，Ge則在20, 24及32℃，兩者隨著溫度增高，得到最大發芽率所需的時間隨之縮短；Gm 適宜發芽溫度在28℃，但是20與32℃下仍可發芽，As適宜發芽溫度也在28℃，但其在四種溫度下，發芽情形均不甚理想。在20℃下，隨著培養時間延長到42天，並不會提高孢子發芽率，因此15天的培養時間已經足夠。由上述結果可知，除了As外，其餘三個菌種全年不同時期接種，均可感染宿主形成菌根，可能是適宜孢子發芽之溫度範圍較廣，而As除了溫度外，可能還有其他重要因子影響其發芽，有待進一步研究。

關鍵字

叢枝菌根菌 ； 繁殖 ； 溫度 ； 發芽

並列摘要

Bahiagrass roots were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus aggregatutm (Ga), G. etunicatum (Ge), G. mosseae (Gm) and Acaulospora scrobiculata (As) every two weeks for one year, and spores of these fungi placed on membrane filters were embedded in sterilized sand and incubated at 20, 24, 28 or 32℃. Results show that all three species of Glomus were capable of infecting bahiagrass roots and forming mycorrhiza all the year. However, As was able to form good mycorrhiza only when bahiagrass root were inoculated in May-September. When inoculation was performed in the other months of the year, mycorrhizal formation by this fungus was very poor or not at all. Inoculation periods favorable to spore production were January-April for Ga, January-April and August-September for Ge, May-October for Gm, and May to mid September for As. In these periods, average numbers of spores per 100g soil produced by Ga, Ge, Gm and As were 54, 4024, 1019 and 2010, respectively. The temperature range suitable for germination was broader (20-32℃) for Ga and Ge. High germination rates occurred at 28, 32℃ for Ga, and 20, 24 and 32℃ for Ge. As the temperature increased, the time needed for obtaining high germination rate decreased. The optimum temperature for spore germination of Gm and As was 28℃, but germination rates were low for As at the four temperatures tested. Our results show that the three species of Glomus tested can infect bahiagrass roots and produce spores all the year due to their broad temperature range for spore germination. Factors required for high germination rate of As remain to be investigated.

並列關鍵字

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ； Propagation ； Temperature ； Germination