2003至2008年臺灣育成水稻品種（系）對稻熱病抗性之探討

Field Evaluation of Rice Varieties and Lines from Taiwan for Resistance to Leaf and Panicle Blasts caused by Magnaporthe grisea during 2003-2008

廖大經(Dah-Jing Liao) ； 陳隆澤(Lung-Che Chen)

《台灣農業研究》 60卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 279-292

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2011.06004.04

摘要

稻熱病抗性檢定是水稻抗病育種的基礎工作，可做為育種材料篩選之依據，亦有助於擬定抗病育種新策略。本試驗自2003年至2008年於嘉義農業試驗分所及臺東關山兩處稻熱病統一檢定病圃，針對臺灣九個稻作改良場所提供之水稻品種（系）進行稻熱病抗性檢定。除2007年與2008年於臺東關山病圃外，對於葉稻熱病及穗稻熱病的抗性，概以秈稻比稉稻強。歷年參試的品種（系）中，稉稻之抗葉稻熱病的比例顯著地比抗穗稻熱病為高，且葉稻熱病與穗稻熱病的抗性間有顯著相關性；秈稻則無一致的表現。除2005年外，稉稻品種（系）以水田式病圃的抗病比例較高，罹病程度顯著以旱田式病圃較嚴重。而秈稻品種（系）在旱田式與水田式病圃之抗病比例並無明顯差異，罹病程度則同樣以旱田式病圃較為嚴重。稉稻與秈稻品種（系）在不同期作間之抗葉稻熱病比例均無顯著差異，兩期作之罹病級數間的差異，則以秈稻於第二期作較為嚴重。比較水稻在嘉義及台東關山病圃之抗病比例與罹病程度，稉稻均無一致反應；秈稻於臺東關山病圃的罹病程度較嚴重。在目前種植面積前10位之水稻品種中，當時命名推廣屬抗稻熱病品種者，抗葉稻熱病及穗稻熱病有7個，至2008年依然抗病者，抗葉稻熱病者有3個，抗穗稻熱病者僅餘1個，顯示抗病育種工作仍有加強的必要。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 稻熱病 ； 稻熱病檢定圃

並列摘要

Breeding rice (Oryza sativa) for resistance to blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea (synonym Pyricularia oryzae) is an important strategy for control of this disease in Taiwan. Field trials were conducted in disease nurseries (one paddy field and one upland field in Chiayi and one paddy field in Kuanshan) in Taiwan, during 2003-2008 to screen 1161 varieties and lines of rice collected from nine research institutes and extension stations in Taiwan for resistance to leaf blast and/or panicle blast. Results showed that, among Japonica rice tested, the number of varieties/lines with resistance to leaf blast was higher than the number with resistance to panicle blast. Also, the number of Japonica rice varieties/lines with resistance to leaf blast in the paddy nursery in Chiayi was significantly (P ＜ 0.05) higher than that in the upland nursery in Kuanshan. Thus, Japonica rice varieties/lines were more susceptible to blast diseases in the upland nursery than in the paddy nursery. For Indica rice varieties/lines, rice blast was more severe in the upland nursery in Kuanshan, compared to the results of the tests in the paddy nursery in Chiayi. Also, Indica rice varieties/lines were more susceptible to blast diseases in the second crop season than in the first crop season. In contrast, the disease severity indices for leaf blast and panicle blast in Japonica rice were not different significantly (P ＞ 0.05) between the two crop seasons of each year. Among the top ten commercial rice varieties in Taiwan, seven were resistant to both leaf and panicle blasts at the time of their release for cultivation; however, there were only three varieties with resistance to leaf blast and one variety with resistance to panicle blast in the tests in 2008. This indicates that the resistance in some varieties may have broken down and whether the loss of resistance in a rice variety is due to presence of new race(s) of M. grisea remains unknown and thus, warrants further investigations.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； Oryza sativa ； Blast ； Magnaporthe grisea ； Pyricularia oryzae ； Disease nursery