火鶴花切花低溫貯運寒害生理之研究

Studies on Physiological Responses of Anthurium Cut Flowers after Cold Storage

黃肇家(Chao-Chia Huang) ； 黃慧穗(Huey-Suey Huang) ； 蔡金玉(Chin-Yu Tsai)

《台灣農業研究》 62卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 157-164

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.2013.06202.05

摘要

為探討火鶴花切花低溫貯運寒害之反應，本研究將‘丘比特’火鶴花（Anthurium andraeanum L. 'Tropical'）切花放置於7℃、12℃及17℃貯藏7 d，測定貯藏結束後及移到常溫（20℃）瓶插時之切花品質、吸水率與呼吸率等之變化。結果顯示，切花於7℃貯藏結束時，佛燄苞已褪色，移溫後，佛燄苞與肉穗花序色澤快速轉為褐色，花莖則於瓶插後期才開始劣化；12℃貯藏者於瓶插6 d後，佛燄苞與肉穗花序才略有加快劣化之趨勢；17℃貯藏者品質一直維持良好。7℃貯藏者於瓶插時吸水率與鮮重大幅下降，12℃及17℃貯藏者則緩和下降，蒸散率在3個溫度處理之變化都很和緩，顯示鮮重之減少可能是吸水降低所影響。在7℃貯藏後佛燄苞、肉穗花序與花莖之呼吸率在一直維持最高；12℃貯藏者佛燄苞呼吸率比17℃貯藏者高但差異不顯著，肉穗花序與花莖之呼吸率則比17℃貯藏者高，顯示7℃與12℃貯藏都使切花受傷害。7℃貯藏後，佛燄苞、肉穗花序與花莖都有顯著之乙烯生成，移到常溫後，肉穗花序與花莖之乙烯生成降到極低，佛燄苞則一直維持較高之乙烯生成，說明佛燄苞可能受傷較嚴重。12℃貯藏佛燄苞之反應也有相似之現象，但比7℃貯藏輕微。這些資料顯示在寒害反應上，呼吸率之變化比品質劣化與吸水率之變化較快也較明確。

關鍵字

切花品質 ； 吸水率 ； 蒸散率 ； 呼吸率 ； 乙烯生成

並列摘要

The quality and physiological responses of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L. 'Tropical') cut flowers were investigated after dark storage at 7℃, 12℃, and 17℃ for 7 days. As the results indicated, spathe turned brown at the end of storage at 7℃, and both spathe and spadix turned dark brown quickly when the cut flowers were moved to 20℃ after storage while stem did not change until 6 days after storage. The browning of spathe and spadix of flowers stored at 12℃ occurred after 6 days in storage. These three parts remained no change when stored at 17℃. The rates of water uptake and fresh weight change in flowers stored at 7℃ declined dramatically during vase period. The declining rates were much less in flowers stored at 12℃ and 17℃. The transpiration rate of flowers decreased slowly in all treatments. The respiration rates of spathe, spadix and floral stem at the end of the storage and during the vase period were the highest in flowers stored at 7℃ than those stored at 12℃ and 17℃. The respiration rates of spadix and floral stem of flowers stored at 12℃ were also higher than those stored at 17℃, suggesting that flowers were injured during the storage at 7℃ and 12℃. The ethylene production rate increased in spathe, spadix and floral stem at the end of storage at 7℃. The rate decreased in spadix and floral stem when moved to 20℃ while it remained high in spathe. The ethylene production rate was a little higher in spathe of flowers stored at 12℃ than that stored at 17℃ at the end of storage. These data suggest that respiration rise is more sensitive to low temperature than the responses of flower quality and water uptake and hence, is considered a good indicator of chilling injury for anthurium.

並列關鍵字

Flower quality ； Water uptake rate ； Transpiration rate ； Respiration rate ； Ethylene production rate