網室甜椒害蟲與害螨種類之調查及防治藥物之篩選

Survey on the Insect and Mite Pests of Sweet Pepper Grown in Net House and Selection of Chemicals for Pest Control

郝秀花(Hsiou-Hua Hao)

《台灣農業研究》 62卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 165-173

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.2013.06202.07

摘要

網室栽培甜椒可以阻隔大型的害蟲侵入，但對小型害蟲的發生因無雨水沖刷而較為嚴重，調查發現蚜蟲類、薊馬類、粉介殼蟲類、神澤氏葉蟎及茶細蟎，無論在網室或田間皆有發生，唯在網室內發生較嚴重，而螺旋粉蝨、番茄斑潛蠅及夜蛾類則僅在田間有發生。利用五種非農藥物質防治茶細蟎試驗，結果以窄域油、葵花油加無患子及木醋液加無患子的防治效果較好，防治率分別為59.7%、49.4%及48.7%。以五種非農藥物質防治神澤氏葉蟎試驗，結果除了無患子的防治效果較差外，其他四種處理（硫磺粉、窄域油、葵花油+無患子及苦楝油）之防治率皆可達80%以上。以四種殺蟎劑防治茶細蟎及神澤氏葉蟎試驗，結果以1%密滅汀乳劑1,500倍防治細蟎效果最好，防治率為89.3%，2%阿巴汀乳劑2,000倍次之，防治率為86.9%；以10%依殺蟎水懸劑4,000倍防治神澤氏葉蟎效果最好，防治率為98.5%，1% 密滅汀乳劑1,500倍次之，防治率為98.4%。以五種混合非農藥物質處理防治南黃薊馬試驗，結果以木醋液加窄域油防治效果最好，防治率為76.4%，木醋液加葵花油次之，防治率為72.8%。防治絲粉介殼蟲的試驗結果，以20%達特南SG 3,000倍及9.65%賜派滅SC 3,000倍防治效果較佳，防治率達77%以上，而非農藥物質中以矽藻土500倍防治介殼蟲的效果最好，防治率為71.6%。

關鍵字

甜椒 ； 害蟲 ； 防治 ； 非農藥物質 ； 農藥

並列摘要

Cultivation of sweet pepper under net house may significantly block the access of many large size insect pests to the plants, yet the small ones would occur severely in the net house when rainfall is rare. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cultivation practices on the occurrence of pest types of sweet pepper and to screen out chemicals and synthetic substances for controlling these pests. Results showed that aphid, thrip, mealy bug, spider mite and broad mite were found both inside and outside net house and in the open-field where sweet pepper were grown, but were prevailing inside the net house. Whereas, spiraling white fly, tomato leaf miner and big moth occurred only in the open-field. By the use of mixed synthetic substances to control broad mite, it indicated that mineral oil and soapberry to mix with sunflower oil or wood vinegar obtained a substantial control effect, with the control rates of 59.7%, 49.4% and 48.7%, respectively. Of the five mixed synthetic substances, the control rate reached more than 80% on kanzawa spider mite by using sulfur power, mineral oil, soapberry in sunflower oil and neem oil. Among four tested acaricides, 1,500× milbemectin 1% EC (emulsifiable concentrate) had the highest control rate (89.3%) for broad mite, followed by 2,000× abamectin 2% EC (86.9%). For the control of spider mites, 4,000× etoxazole 10% SC (suspension concentrate) and 1,500× milbemectin 1% EC (98.4%) were equally effective. As to the control of southern yellow thrip, the synthetic substance using wood vinegar mixed with mineral oil had better efficacy (76.4%) than that mixed with sunflower oil (72.8). To control mealybug, 3,000× dinotefuran 20% SG (water-soluble granules) and 3,000× movento 9.65% SC were the better choices among pesticides, with the control rate higher than 77%. It was 500× diatom powder that had the best efficacy among the mixed synthetic substances for mealybug control.

並列關鍵字

Sweet pepper ； Pest ； Control ； Non-pesticide substances ； Pesticide