防治梨瘤蚜藥劑之篩選試驗

Screening Chemicals for Control of Pear Phylloxera, Aphanostigma piri (Cholodkovsky)

劉達修(Ta-Shiu Liu) ； 劉添丁(Tian-Ding Liu) ； 王文哲(Wen-Jer Wang) ； 王玉沙(Yah-Sha Wang)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 34期 (1992/03) Pp. 45-53

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199203.0045

摘要

梨瘤蚜（Aphanostigma piri Cholodkovsky）為多年來本省高接梨之重要害蟲，套袋內之果實被害後導致裂果、腐爛，影響品質與產量至鉅。為減少其為害及指導果農正確用藥，乃進行本藥劑篩選試驗。試驗結果，顯示80% Sulfur D.F. 500倍對梨瘤蚜之成蟲及若蟲之防治效果最優，殺蟲率幾近100%，而50% Chlorpyrifos + MIPC W.P. 1,000倍，40% Sec-BPMC+Tert-BPMC E.C. 800倍，20% MIPC E.C. 800倍，48.34% Carbosulfan E.C. 1200倍，60% Diazinon E.C. 1,200倍，40.8% Chlorpyrifos E.C. 800倍，50% Methiocarb W.P. 1,000倍等藥劑在直接噴及蟲體情況下，亦有80～96%之殺蟲效果。而對其卵除Sulfur、Methiocarb、Diazinon有較佳之殺卵效果外，其他藥劑則均差。於幼果期施用40% Sec-BPMC+Tert-BPMC 400及800倍會發生中度以上之藥害，52% Sulfur F. 400及600倍亦有輕至中等藥害；而多數藥劑若提高濃度對較敏感之梨種（如廿世紀）的成熟果亦可引起輕至中等程度之藥害，故田間應用時切勿任意提高藥量，以免發生藥害。

關鍵字

梨瘤蚜 ； 藥劑 ； 防治

並列摘要

Pear phylloxera, Aphanostigma piri (Cholodkovsky), a major insect pest of grafted pears in Taiwan, feeds on bag-protected fruits and causes cracking and rotting. This experiment was carried out to screen for effective insecticides for the growers. Nine compounds selected from 25 insecticides in the laboratory were subsequently tested in the field for efficacy and phytotoxicity. Sulfur 80% D.F. (500x dilution) was the most effective and gave almost 100% control of both adult and nymph pear phylloxera. In addition, Chlorpyrifos+MIPC 50% W.P. (1,000x), Sec-BPMC+Tert-BPMC 40% E.C. (800x), MIPC 20% E.C. (800x), Carbosulfan 48.34% E.C. (800x), Diazinon 60% E.C. (1,200x), Chlorpyrifos 40.8% E.C. (800x),and 50% Methiocarb W.P. (1,000x). All these insecticides must be sprayed directly onto the insects in order to be effective. Among these compounds, only Sulfur, Methiocarb and Diazinon had some ovicidal activity, when applied to small fruits, Sec-BPMC + Tert-BPMC had medium level of phytotoxicity at 400 and 800x dilution, and Sulfur 52% F. at 400 and 600x dilution also had low to medium levels of phytotoxicity. Most insecticides would cause light to medium levels of toxicity to the mature pears of some sensitive varieties (such as Twentieth Century) if their concentrations should be raised. Therefore, these insecticides must be used strictly following the instructions to prevent any possible injury to the pears.

並列關鍵字

pear phylloxera ； chemicals ； control