稉稻新品種「台農81號」之育成

Development of a New Japonica Rice Cultivar 'Tainung 81'

吳永培(Yong-Pei Wu) ； 廖大經(Dah-Jing Liao) ； 邱志浩(Chih-Hao Chiu) ； 周思儀(Szu-Yi Chou)

《台灣農業研究》 68卷2期 (2019/06) Pp. 148-164

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.201906_68(2).0005

摘要

稻米為國人主食，為因應進口米之衝擊與配合消費趨勢，開發品質與產量兼具且耐抗病蟲害等逆境之水稻新品種，乃為當前育種改良的主要目標之一。「台農81號」原品系名稱為嘉農育981027號，係行政院農委會農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所於2006年第1期作以良質米品種「台稉2號」為母本，與具有抗病蟲、株型佳且耐倒伏等特性之品系嘉農育902036號進行雜交，採譜系法進行後代分離選拔之品系。歷經5個世代，於2009年第1期作選出嘉農育981027號進入初級產量比較試驗。經過初、高級產量比較試驗、區域試驗及各項特性檢定結果，嘉農育981027號新品系具有脫粒性適中、穗上發芽率較低、抗倒伏、抗稻熱病及稻飛蝨等優良特性；其米粒外觀與米飯食味與良質米對照品種「台稉9號」相近，且稻穀產量與良質米對照品種「台稉9號」間無顯著差異。2017年申請命名，獲通過為「台農81號」。因其具有抗稻熱病及稻飛蝨等特性，為一適合減藥、合理化施肥及有機栽培的品種，並可供稻農及消費者更多的選擇。

關鍵字

稉稻 ； 台農81號 ； 抗稻熱病及稻飛蝨

並列摘要

Rice is the main staple in Taiwan. In response to the impact of imported rice and consumption trend, developing new varieties with a focus on improved quality, yield, and pest resistances have become the main objectives for rice breeding improvement in Taiwan. 'Tainung 81', from the line Chianung- yu 981027, was developed by crossing 'Taikeng 2', the female parent variety, with Chianung-yu 902036, the male parent line with disease resistance, insect resistance, erect plant type, and lodging resistant characters, at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in the first crop season of 2006. The progenies were selected by the pedigree method. After 5 generations, the line of Chianung-yu 981027 was selected in the first crop season of 2009. After the processes of primary yield trial, advanced yield trial, regional yield traits, and various agronomic characteristics tests, this selected line showed good traits, including moderate threshing, preharvest sprouting, lodging resistance, and resistance to rice blast and planthoppers. Its grain appearance and taste were similar to the control variety 'Taikeng 9'. There were no significant difference between rice Chianung-yu 981027 and the control variety 'Taikeng 9' in grain yield. Therefore, it was formally renamed as 'Tainung 81' in 2017 and is considered suitable for reducing pesticide, rational fertilization, and organic cultivation. It is an alternative quality rice for the farmers and market.

並列關鍵字

Japonica rice ； Oryza sativa cv. 'Tainung 81' ； Resistance to rice blast and planthoppers