種子成熟度與播種介質對台灣白及種子瓶外非共生發芽之影響

本研究以自花授粉後60、90、120、150及165 d之台灣白及﹝Bletilla formosana（Hayata）Schltr.﹞種子，播種於3種單一介質，分別為：水苔（介質1）、泥炭土（介質2）、炭化稻殼（介質3），以及2 種混合介質配方，分別為砂：壤土：炭化稻殼：珍珠石= 1 : 1 : 1 : 1（介質4）與砂：炭化稻殼：珍珠石：蛭石= 1 : 1 : 1 : 1（介質5）。5種介質皆分別經高溫高壓滅菌或不滅菌之處理方式，以探討台灣白及不同成熟度種子在不同介質中於缺乏蘭菌共生情況下（滅菌介質），對種子發芽與小苗生長發育之影響。試驗結果顯示，台灣白及在滅菌和未滅菌介質中均可發芽及生長。授粉後60 d的種子即具有發芽能力，但以授粉後165 d的種子發芽所需時間最短，僅需9 d。授粉後90 d種子之發芽率，在適當培養介質均可達80%以上，個別介質中發芽率最高者為滅菌之泥炭土（84.1%），其次為滅菌之混合介質4（81.1%）及介質5（72.6%）。觀察小苗存活率，在不同授粉日數種子於不同介質中生長之表現並不一致，但以授粉後120 d種子在適當介質中皆可達70%以上。將授粉後120 d種子播種於已滅菌或未滅菌之不同介質中，結果顯示滅菌處理與不同介質對小苗生長發育均呈極顯著影響，且兩者間具交感效應。其中，以經滅菌處理之泥炭土介質為最佳，小苗平均有3.5片葉、葉幅為7.0 mm。本研究之結果顯示，台灣白及具一定成熟度之種子（60 d），在適當之培養介質中具有自營發芽與生長之特性。授粉後120 d種子在播種後10 d即可見種子胚膨大轉綠，17 d後可見原球體（protocorm）分化長出第一片葉，在120 d後即可分化成完整植株。介質種類與種子成熟度會影響台灣白及發芽所需時間，而介質滅菌與否對較成熟種子（≥ 120 d）的發芽時間影響不顯著。綜此，介質種類、滅菌處理及種子成熟度等因子對種子發芽率與存活率皆有極顯著之影響，且因子間之交感效應顯著。

關鍵字

蘭花種子；非共生發芽；蘭菌

並列摘要

This study was conducted to verify the effects of seed maturity, growth media composition and media sterilization on in vivo asymbiotic germination and seedlings growth of Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. Seeds collected from pods 60, 90, 120, 150 and 165 d after pollination (DAP) were sown on autoclaved or non-autoclaved media, including sphagnum moss (medium 1), peat moss (medium 2), carbonized rice husk (medium 3), and mixed media of sand : loam : carbonized rice husk : perlite = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (v/v) (medium 4) and sand : carbonized rice husk : perlite : vermiculite = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (v/v) (medium 5). Results showed that seeds of B. formosana were able to germinate and to grow normally on various autoclaved media. Growth media composition, seed maturity and their interactions were found to have statistically significant effect on days needed for germination. However, a less significant effect was found between autoclaved media and seed matured after 120 DAP. In this study, immature 60 DAP seeds were capable to germinate, and the shortest time for germination was observed in 165 DAP seeds. Factors of growth media, autoclave and seed maturity as well as their interactions showed significant effects (P ＜ 0.01) on seed germination. It was observed that seeds of 90 DAP had germination rates higher than 80% in the appropriate growth media, and the highest germination rate was found on the autoclaved peat moss (84.1%), followed by the autoclaved medium 4 (81.1%), and the autoclaved medium 5 (72.6%). Although survival rates of seedlings derived from different maturity of seeds sown in various media with or without an autoclave with no consistency, it was found that seeds of 120 DAP sown in appropriate growth media had survival rates higher than 70%. An separated experiment using seeds of 120 DAP was conducted by sowing seeds in various autoclaved or non-autoclaved growth media for evaluation of seedlings growth. Results showed that factor of an autoclave work and types of media as well as their interactions all had statistically significant effects at 0.01 level. It was found that autoclaved peat moss showed the best result on the growth of seedlings. In average, 3.5 leaves and 7.0 mm in leaf span were found per plant. The results confirmed that B. formosana had autotrophic feature during seed germination and seedling growth when mature seeds were germinated on appropriate growth medium. It was observed that embryos of seeds were enlarged and turned into green in 10 d after sowing, and the first leaf appeared in 17 d after sowing from protocorms, and a complete plant with roots was obtained in 120 d after sowing. Growth media and maturity of seeds and their interactions were all found had significant effects on days needed for germination. However, a less significant effect by an autoclave was found from the more mature seeds (≥ 120 d). Factors of growth media, autoclaving and seed maturity as well as their interactions showed significant effects (P ＜ 0.01) on seed germination and survival of seeding.

並列關鍵字

Orchid seed ； Asymbiotic germination ； Orchid mycorrhiza

國際替代計量

種子成熟度與播種介質對台灣白及種子瓶外非共生發芽之影響

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