Situating Deleuze on Literature and Philosophy: Territories Distinct but Uncannily Analogous

遊牧於文學與哲學領域間的德勒茲：絕對區分／詭秘擬似

David R. Ellison

《Tamkang Review》 44卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 3-15

https://doi.org/10.6184/TKR201406-1

摘要

要如何定位德勒茲的論述，不論是他個人的著作，或是他與瓜達希的合著？德勒茲的讀者常震懾於其作品涵蓋議題之廣泛（哲學、文學、政治理論、文化批評、精神分析、電影）以及其論述語氣之多變（時而嚴肅陳述費解的哲學概念，時而創新的想像力飛馳奔騰，後者往往在深受激賞之餘也引發激辯）；而傅柯所謂這是一個德勒茲的世紀，或因有感於德勒茲提出的概念如「裝配」、「解領域化」、「逃逸路線」、「內在平面」、「塊莖」等等，都可據以探討多種議題且深具說服力。這些概念不僅被多種意識型態挪用，甚且自其巴黎或歐洲的根源播遷至遠處。本文試圖探討德勒茲與瓜達希論述中文學與哲學之間的關係。作者認為，德瓜二人將文學與哲學明確區分為兩個領域（在《何謂哲學？》中著力尤深）之舉，掩蓋了一個事實：對德勒茲這樣就普魯斯特與卡夫卡的作品提出精闢見解的讀者而言，理當有所區分的文學與哲學領域事實上彼此共振。與其說兩者雖分離但相等，不如說文學與哲學彼此詭秘擬似－此處的詭秘正是佛洛依德所謂不熟悉的事物中透露出的奇異的熟悉感。創造概念的哲學與文學編織的蛛網詭秘擬似。

關鍵字

文學 ； 哲學 ； 詭祕 ； 普魯斯特 ； 卡夫卡 ； 佛洛依德

並列摘要

How does one situate the thought of Gilles Deleuze (his own thought, as well as his collaborative writings with Félix Guattari)? On the one hand, the reader of his works is struck by the breadth of the topics they survey (philosophy, literature, political theory, cultural critique, psychoanalysis, film) as well as by wide variations in tone (sober, declarative unpacking of difficult philosophical concepts, but elsewhere inventive flights of fancy which have been much admired and hotly contested). On the other hand, if, as Michel Foucault suggested, our century is ＂Deleuzian,＂ this is possibly the case because of the multifaceted usefulness and rhetorical persuasiveness of terms such as ＂assemblage (agencement),＂ ＂deterritorialization,＂ ＂line of flight,＂ ＂plane of immanence,＂ ＂rhizome,＂ etc.—terms which have served multiple ideological purposes and which have migrated far from their Parisian or European points of origin. In my article, I attempt to situate the relationship between literature and philosophy in the writings of Deleuze and Guattari. My thesis is that the writers' own explicit attempts to separate the domains into separate territories (developed with the greatest explicitness and rigor in What Is Philosophy?) mask the fact that, for Deleuze the acute reader of literary texts by Proust and Kafka, these two supposedly distinct fields stand in a relation of mutual resonance. Rather than being separate but equal, literature and philosophy are strangely analogous. Philosophy, the domain in which concepts are created, resembles uncannily, in the mode of Freudian Unheimlichkeit, the spider's web of literature.

並列關鍵字

Literature ； philosophy ； uncanniness ； Proust ； Kafka ； Freud

參考文獻

Deleuze, Gilles. Bergsonism. Trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam. New York: Zone, 1988. Print.

Deleuze, Gilles.The Critical Philosophy of Kant: The Doctrine of the Faculties. Trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984. Print.

Deleuze, Gilles.Difference and Repetition. Trans. Paul Patton. New York: Columbia UP, 1994. Print.

Deleuze, Gilles.Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza. Trans. Martin Joughin. New York: Zone, 1990. Print.

Deleuze, Gilles.The Logic of Sense. Trans. Mark Lester and Charles Stivale. Ed. Constantin V. Boundas. New York: Columbia UP, 1990. Print.