中国内地小学生语文学科能力测试评价研究

A Test and Evaluation of Mainland Chinese Primary School Students' Competencies in Chinese Language

张燕华(Zhang Yanhua) ； 魏冰涵(Wei binghan)

《华文学刊》 32期 (2018/12) Pp. 37-53

摘要

本文旨在探讨中国内地小学生的语文学科能力表现特征。在建构小学生语文学科能力构成体系的基础上，对北京市15所小学的1143个学生进行测试，运用Rasch模型分析讨论。研究结果表明：(1)在能力层级方面，小学生在迁移创新能力的表现明显低于学习理解能力和应用实践能力；(2)在能力构成要素方面，小学生学科能力表现较好的包括观察注意、应用交际、解释推断、解决问题，表现一般的能力是记忆、信息提取，表现较差的能力为分析概括、领会理解、发散拓展、批判赏析；(3)相较于四年级学生，六年级学生在解决问题、批判赏析能力方面有突出表现，观察注意、应用交际能力的差异不大，在其余能力方面的表现略好于四年级。研究结果对于小学语文教学的诊断和教学的改进具有一定的指导作用。

關鍵字

Rasch模型 ； 小学生 ； 语文学科能力 ； 测试评价

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to explore the Chinese language competencies of primary school students in mainland China. Using the composite system of Chinese language competencies of primary school students we constructed, we have conducted a test on 1143 students from 15 primary schools in Beijing. Analyzed with Rasch model, the findings of the test can be summarized as follows: (1) of the three levels of competencies, students' competencies in creativity and innovation are significantly lower than their competencies in comprehension and practical application. (2) When it comes to the composite elements of the three different levels of competencies, the students perform relatively better in observation, communication, deduction, and problem solving. Competences in memory and information extraction are satisfactory. The students are relatively weak in analyzing and integrating ideas, in-depth comprehension, perspective expansion, and critical appreciation. (3) Compared with the fourth graders, the sixth grade students perform much better in problem solving and critical appreciation; though there is little difference in observation and communication. The performance of the sixth graders in other composite elements is slightly better than that of the fourth graders. The results of the study may serve as a reference guide for the diagnosis of Chinese teaching in primary schools and for the improvement of teaching practices.

並列關鍵字

Rasch model ； primary school students ； Chinese language competency ； testing and evaluation