The Involvement of the Aboriginal People in Participatory Mode of Program Development-A Case Study in Taiwan

原住民投入計劃發展之參與型式－一個個案考評

蘇雅惠(Yei-Fei Su)

《農業推廣學報》 11期 (1994/12) Pp. 123-139

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.199412.0006

摘要

臺灣居住於山地鄉鎮的原住民，約有百分之七十五以農業生產為生，且多居住於偏遠山區。因為離群索居，原住民農民獲取公共服務的機會及管道較為缺乏。近年來，關懷原住民福祉的社會意識提昇，隨續的，許多改善原住民政治、文化及教育的政策與法令，不斷的制定與推行，農業推廣教育不例外，推行許多改進原住民生活與農業科技的政策與措施。在改革運動中，固然，政府的各種建設計劃與經費增加，但是，在現代化的民主社會中，更重要的是地方民眾能自主的參與計劃，地方各種建設與文化發展才能落實。本文即是探討原住民農民在適當的啟迪下，是否能夠尋找與掌握外來各種計劃與資源，考慮自有的資源，透過學習團體（即產銷班）的運作，自主的共同擬定與執行各種計劃，學習農業新科技，解決共同的問題，以改善原住民農民農場經營管理方式與生活品質。本文是一個考評設計，探用「參與行動」的考評方式，用「質化方法」，例如：觀察、深度訪談等方法，探討新竹縣一個偏遠山區原住民部落的農民，於行政體系提供農業推廣教育服務之情況下，如何共同擬定與執行計劃，以尋求農業生產經營的生機。本文主要想探討與瞭解三個計劃層面：（一）計劃的起始：欲瞭解原住民農民推行什麼計劃？有那些外界有關的公私立機構的學者專家或行政人員參與計劃？（二）計劃議題的鑑定：欲瞭解原住民農民的學習計劃是否由外面推廣機構的專家或行政人員主導的？抑或是原住民農民能反射他們的農場經營與生活上的問題，能與其他班員的溝通及對話，以鑑定他們自己計劃的議題及擬定計劃目標？（三）計劃方案的執行：欲瞭解原住民農民是否能根據已經鑑定的計劃議題，擬定計劃方案與活動？原住民農民由直接的參與，確能學習農業創新科技或改善生活素質？

並列摘要

In Taiwan approximately three-fourths of the aboriginal population subsist on farming in remote mountainous areas. Because of this seclusion, these native people have possessed fewer opportunities and less access to public services over the past years. In recent years, their proceedings of political, cultural and educational liberation have accelerated. The concerns for them have been raised by both the natives and the general public, who have recognized the crucial problems that exist in the communities of those aboriginal people. Throughout these advocates' concerns, many government policies and legislative initiatives has been created, resulting in a series of improved policies and more funds for the aboriginal people. As a result, extension services have been undergoing reform. During the reform movements, centralized policies and programs obviously have increased. However, the local people's requests for their self-governed programs have increased as well. Having recognized that various special interest parties exist in extension programs, how are the aboriginal farmers affecting the program development now? This is the topic that this evaluation study intends to explore.This evaluation study was designed to investigate the extension programs that were developed in a small aboriginal tribe in northern Taiwan. In this tribe, the farmers, who are seeking other agricultural opportunities, primarily grow peaches and pears. While outside agricultural, extension, agencies' continue interventions and collaborations, as well as the aboriginal farmers' eagerness for betterment, this evaluation study investigated the interests and values of all parties in developing program. It also weighed the possibilities of outside cooperation and involvement, as well al local independence. To illuminate all parties' participation in program development, this evaluation study intended to:-Understanding the initiatives in the program: ”What program are the native farmers currently engaged in?” ”How did the programs develop into their current states?” ”Did any outside projects and experts join the undergoing program?”-Understanding the problems posed by the program: ”Could the aboriginal farmers truly reflect their problems in farming and identify issues through dialogue?” Or ”Are farmers' learning needs determined by ousiders?”-Understanding activities taking place in the program: ”Based on the addressed problems, could the farmers formulate their program contents and activities?” ”Could aboriginal farmers independently learn the program contents?” ”Would they be able to grow intellectually, socially and emotionally from involvement in program development?”This evaluation study particularly presented the part of aborigianl farmers' involvement through self-control in the participatory mode of program development. To reach the purpose of thouroghly illuminating aboriginal farmers' participation in program development, this study employed participatory action evaluation.