臺灣農村發展工作理念之省思暨其理論依據之探討

Study on the Theory Basic and Consideration of Working Concept for Farm Village Development in Taiwan

丁文郁(Wen-Yuh Ting)

《農業推廣學報》 11期 (1994/12) Pp. 35-51

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.199412.0002

摘要

鑑於臺灣農村發展工作在政府與民間各界投入無數人力及財物資源後，臺灣農村發展不但未臻於理想之境界，反而受到諸多責難呢？本文認為首先應對農村發展工作理念做一番省思，以求正本清源。具體而言，針對臺灣農村發展工作理念之省思，本文擬從一、釐清「農村」與「鄉村」概念之議，二、釐清農村發展弔詭（paradox）之說，三、農村發展內涵之釐清，四、農村發展理論依據之選擇等四個面向（dimensions）加入深入剖析。誠如本文所論述，可以明顯得知，農村發展是一種用以改善農村民眾的社會經濟生活的策略。基本上是政府採計劃變遷方式為之的公共政策，而政策之制定，應有理論做為引導，方能使主事者認知問題之所在，並建立共識，執行者亦不會無所適從。因此本文選擇發展中，其理論探索最為廣泛且涵蓋最為完整的發展社會學，做為台灣農村發展策略擬定時的理論基礎，並據以說明發展社會學對台灣農村發展之啟迪。發展社會學因其觀察立足點及對發展探究法之見解之不同，而有現代化理論、依賴理論、與世界體系理論三大學派之分野。雖然三大學派對發展見解存有歧異，且各有其缺陷之處，但三者卻非完全互斥，甚至還可以加以整合，使其學說的內涵互補。因此應用在台灣農村發展政策擬定上，本文認為不能獨鍾單一學派，而是應採擷三大學派中適合台灣農村社會發展現況所需的理念，並加以整合以做為啟迪台灣農村發展工作之用。

並列摘要

Although the government and public society have invested tremendous manpower and materials for farm village development project in Taiwan. But, the development of farm village has not reached ideal level; but, resulted in many critics. It need to be fully reconsidered on the concept of farm village development. This study is analyzed four dimensions of farm village development in Taiwan as following: l)clarify the disputed concept of farm village and rural village; 2)clarify the paradox in farm village development; 3)clarify the interior content of farm village development; 4)selection of basic theory in farm village development.It is clearly recognized from this study that farm village development is the policy to improve the social and economic living of farm village people. Basically, government adopted planning change as public policy. The policy making should be based on theory oriented, so that the person in charge could understand where is the problem and establish the mutual recognization without losing the direction. This study has chosen the so-called widespread and integrated Sociology of Development as the basis of theoretical analysis in the field of research and development. This will be the theory basis in designing the policy of farm village development, as well as for the enlightenment in explication of Sociology of Development in the farm village development.There are different viewpoints in observation standpoints and developmental approaches. The Sociology of Development could be classifed into three academic doctrines: The Modernization theory, The Dependecy theory, and The World System theory. The three doctrines have different viewpoint in developmental opinion and having its own defects, but they are not mutual exclusive; sometimes they can be integrated together and compensate each other. Therefore, in the designing the policy of farm village development in Taiwan, it can not only focus on single theory doctrine, and should be adopted the suitable theory among three doctrines according to the need of current social development in farm village of Taiwan. Finally' this study combines and integrates those concepts as enlightmental basis in farm village development project in Taiwan.