除草劑化性與環境中殘留

Chemical Characteristic of Herbicide and Environmental Residue

王一雄(Yei-Shung Wang)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 25卷1期 (2004/06) Pp. 1-9

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2004-025(1)-001

摘要

除草劑在土壤環境中之命運與分怖，除了受土壤環境因子之影響外，除草劑本身之物理化學性質如水中溶解度，蒸氣壓及化學安定性等亦有很大影響。本文僅就除草劑化合物之化學結構特性對其在土壤環境中之吸附作用與殘留之影響及其污染地下水之可能性作一探討。除草劑化合物分子上之作用基種類、取代基種類、作用基對取代基之相對位置以及分子中不飽和作用基之存在及多少均會影響化合物在土壤中之吸附作用，其原因是由於關係到化合物之電荷、極性以及偏極化作用。環境因子極其複雜，難以僅用除草劑之化學性質即可以探討除草劑在環境中殘留，因此還須併同除草劑之物理性質、土壤之物理化學性質、生物因子、以及氣候條件等之影響來討論。現以除草劑污染地下水之研究及預測來說明。

關鍵字

除草劑化性 ； 吸附作用 ； 殘留 ； 地下水污染

並列摘要

Behavior and distribution of herbicides in the soil environment are affected not only by the factors of the soil environments, but also by the chemical and physical properties of herbicide itself, such as water solubility, vapor pressure, chemical stability and etc. Influence of chemical characteristic of herbicide compounds on absorption and residues in the soil environment are studied in this research, the possibility of the herbicide to contaminate groundwater is also discussed. Functional group(s), substituting group(s), related position between the functional group and the substituting group in chemical structure and presence of unsaturated chain affect chemical character in charge, polarity and polarizability and then affect the adsorption and residue of herbicide in soil environment. Due to the complication of soil environment, absorption and residue of herbicide in the soil are difficult to explain only with chemical characteristic. Physical properties of herbicide, character of soil, biological factors and climatic conditions most be discussed together. Potential of herbicide to contaminate groundwater are predicted in this study.

並列關鍵字

chemical characteristic of herbicide ； absorption ； residues ； groundwater pollution