前作綠肥翻耕和敷蓋處理對有機甘藷田雜草相與農藝性狀及產量之影響

Effects of green manure tillage and mulch treatment on weed flora, agronomic characters and yield on sweet potato

陳彥丞(Yen-Cheng Chen) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 42卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 63-89

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC.202112_42(2).0003

摘要

本試驗以甘藷品種台農57號、台農66號為試驗材料，在2018年和2019年種植在雲林縣水林鄉有機驗證合格農地中，進行前作綠肥翻耕處理和有機敷蓋處理，對甘藷田間雜草相及甘藷農藝性狀和產量之影響。綠肥作物翻耕處理（以綠肥大豆、太陽麻及田菁為試驗材料，無種植綠肥作物為對照組）；敷蓋處理為（以花生殼粉、稻殼及稻草為敷蓋資材，以人工除草一次做為對照組）。試驗結果顯示，敷蓋處理的部分，對照組的雜草乾重與密度皆明顯高於敷蓋組在定植後20日；稻草敷蓋在定植20-80天之間兩者均為最低；雜草乾重與密度在定植後80日達到高峰；花生殼粉敷蓋在定植140日兩者均為最低，前作綠肥翻耕處理對田間雜草數量無顯著之影響。田間雜草相的部分，以小葉灰藋、香附子、龍葵及苦蘵這四種雜草種類最為常見。在甘藷農藝性狀與產量的部分，花生殼敷蓋對於單株塊根重及小區產量有顯著提升的效果，前作綠肥翻耕以綠肥大豆對塊根數及小區產量有較佳的效果，前作綠肥翻耕處理及敷蓋處理均對蟻象危害率無顯著影響。根據試驗結果，甘藷種植前種植綠肥大豆先進行翻耕入土，再種植甘藷台農57號，並使用花生殼粉敷蓋，會有最佳甘藷產量表現。

關鍵字

綠肥 ； 敷蓋 ； 甘藷 ； 雜草相 ； 雜草管理 ； 農藝性狀 ； 產量

並列摘要

In this research, sweet potato varieties TNG 57 and TNG 66 were used as research materials. They were planted in the certified organic farmland of Yunlin Shuilin Township in 2018 and 2019.The research is to find that the effect of green manure tillage and mulching with organic materials on weed flora, agronomic characters and yield of sweet potatoes. Green soybean, Sun hemp, Sesbania were used as green manure tillage materials, control group was without green manure treatment; rice straw, peanut hulls and rice husk were used as mulch materials, control group was once hand weeding (without mulching treatment). The result showed that weed density and weed dry weight of once hand weeding were both significantly higher than mulching groups after planting 20 days; mulching with rice straw had the lowest weed density and weed dry weight after planting between 20 to 80 days; weed density and weed dry weight were at the peak after planting 80 days; mulching with peanut hulls had the lowest weed density and weed dry weight after planting 140 days, the green manure tillage had no significant effect on the number of weed in the field. In the part of weed flora, there were four common types of weed in the flied: (Chenopodium serotinum Linn), ( Physalis angulate L.), (Cyperus rotundus L. var. quinoyensis L. Dai), (Solanum nigrum Linn.). In the part of agronomic characteristics and yield, mulching with peanut hulls had significant effect on tuberous root total weight/plant and tuberous root yield/plot, green manure soybean had well effect on tuberous root number and tuberous root yield/plot, green manure tillage and mulching treatments both had no significant effect on weevil damage. According to the result, using green manure soybean before planting sweet potato TNG 57and mulching with peanut hulls have the best effect on performance of sweet potato.

並列關鍵字

green manure ； mulch ； sweet potato ； weed flora ； weed management ； agronomic traits ； yield