屏東與台中區種植台中選二號小麥農藝性狀與品質之比較

行政院農委會109年糧食供需年報指出，台灣每人每年食用小麥量明顯增加，從35Kg提升至38Kg。110年稻米與小麥平均食用量相差6Kg，表示台灣民眾對於小麥需求量逐漸提高。因此，在氣候急遽變遷下，尋求合適的產區以確保本地小麥產能來滿足人民需求是當務之急。本研究以台中選二號作為小麥品種，台中地區小麥為對照組，探討屏東地區是否能生產小麥，分析兩地區小麥產量與品質之差異。同時建立屏東地區小麥生長栽培歷，以配合政府水田轉作旱作之政策。研究結果得知，農藝性狀之株高、葉齡、分蘗數，屏東地區小麥皆顯著高於台中地區。分析產量構成因素可知，屏東地區小麥穗長9.7cm、有效分蘗數7枝、單穗粒數45粒、單位產量267g/m^2，均高於台中地區，稔實率72%、千粒重33g則與台中地區小麥無明顯差異。在基礎溫度研究結果可知，小麥在4°C環境生長7天後，平均株高僅增加0.8cm，，此結果顯示4°C已接近小麥生長之基礎溫度，因此本實驗以3°C定為基礎溫度。在小麥各生長時期分別建立氣溫積熱與土溫積熱，配合對應小麥各生長時期，以完成小麥生長栽培曆，在栽培曆中記錄屏東小麥採收時氣溫積熱為2145°C，而土溫積熱為2189°C，顯示土溫積熱在小麥各生長期皆高於氣溫積熱。本研究評估屏東地區在冬季適合生產小麥，未來需蒐集更多氣象數據，以完成屏東地區精準生產小麥之目標。

關鍵字

小麥；農藝性狀；產量；積熱；糧食生產；糧食安全

並列摘要

The 2019 Grain Supply and Demand Annual Report of the Agricultural Committee of the Executive Yuan pointed out that the annual consumption of wheat per person in Taiwan has increased significantly, from 35 to 38 kg, indicating a growing demand for wheat in Taiwan. Thus, exploring suitable production areas to improve crop yield and quality, especially under climate change, will ensure higher locally produced wheat to meet the growing demand. In this study, the differences in wheat yield and quality between the Pingtung and Taichung region were compared, and the wheat growth and cultivation calendar for the Pingtung region were established to fit the government's policy of converting paddy fields to the upland field. The experiment results show that the agronomic traits such as the plant height, leaf age, and tiller number were significantly higher in the wheat grown in Pingtung region than in the Taichung region. The analysis of yield components shows that the wheat grown in the Pingtung region had a spike length of 9.7 cm, 7 effective tillers, 45 grains per spike, and a unit yield of 267 g/m^2, which was higher than that of the Taichung region. The results also showed that the wheat grown in the Pingtung region had a fertility rate of 72%, the number of grains per panicle was 45, and the 1000-grain weight was 33 g. No significant differences in the fertility rate, number of grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight of wheat in the Taichung region were noted. In terms of wheat quality, the crude protein content of wheat in the Pingtung region was 14.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the Taichung region (12.4%). Therefore, wheat grown in the Pingtung region can produce extra-high gluten flour than those in the Taichung region. As for the biological zero-degree, the study results showed that the average plant height only increased by 0.8 cm after the wheat was grown at 4°C for 7 days, signifying that 4°C has approached the biological zero degrees of wheat growth. Therefore, in this experiment, 3°C was set as the biological zero degrees to obtain the daily accumulated temperature of wheat and to establish the wheat cultivation calendar. After the wheat cultivation calendar for the Pingtung region was established, it was noted that the total accumulated air temperature was 2145°C, while the total accumulated soil temperature was 2189°C. However, further meteorological data needs to be collected and analyzed in the future to achieve the goal of precise wheat production in the Pingtung region.

並列關鍵字

Triticum aestivum L. ； Agronomic trait ； Grain quality ； Accumulated temperature ； Food production ； Food security

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