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豬隻口蹄疫防疫計畫之經濟效益分析

Economic Analysis of the National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control Program

摘要


本文探討台灣豬隻爆發口蹄疫對養豬產業的影響以及探討在養豬產業政策調整過程中,各種不同的防疫對策之經濟效益。研究結果顯示:在國際貿易市場方面,因動物檢疫的規範會導致豬肉出口市場的喪失,台灣因口蹄疫的爆發,豬肉出口值減少達每年新台幣432億元以上。在國內市場方面,假設國內養豬產業調整為「自給自足」的政策,則在控制計畫與撲滅計畫的防疫對策下,調整期間社會總褔利分別為165.2億元與165.4億元。由此可知口蹄疫爆發後,不同的防疫對策之經濟福利的絕對金額差異並不大,然而若以疾病爆發前與爆發後之社會福利水準比較,則相差很大,說明了事前的預防爆發措施遠比事後的補救對策重要。此外,不同的防疫對策下,其政策之福利效果皆顯示消費者剩餘比生產者剩餘大的情形,因此政府對防疫對策必須主導,並補助實行口跨疫防疫對策之部份金額,以使全體消費者獲益。

並列摘要


This research analyzes the economic impact of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in 1997. A cost benefit analysis is employed to evaluate different FMD control and eradication programs. The FMD results 43.2 billion NT dollars loss in pork exportation yearly. In the domestic market, swine industry is forced to adjust to be a self-sufficient oriented operation. Under the scenaries of FMD control and eradication programs, the social welfare during the adjustment period are 16.528 million and 16.541 million NT dollars, respectively. The difference is not significant; however, the social cost suggests that a disease eradication program is needed. The result also shows that consumers gain from either control or eradication programs; therefore, government should support programs.

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