台灣地區春至初夏之局部性豪雨及其對水稻災害之初步分析

An Analysis of the Local Heavy Rainfall and the Accompanied Rice Crop Damage in the Spring and Early Summer over Taiwan

吳宗堯(Tsung-Yao Wu) ； 陳泰然(George Tai-Jen Chen) ； 謝信良(Shim-Liang Shieh) ； 喬鳳倫(Feng-Lun Chiao) ； 陳正改(Cheng-Kai Chen) ； 蕭長庚(Chang-Keng Hsiao) ； 朱曙光(Shu-Gwan Chu)

《大氣科學》 11卷1期 (1984/03) Pp. 29-43

摘要

春至初夏台灣地區之豪雨常導致嚴重災害。本文利用1960～1981年3～6月之逐時降水資料及氣象災情報告，分析台灣地區之降水特徵，並以氣象觀點配合災情分析以定義豪雨；再進行伴隨豪雨之綜觀形勢之初步分析。結果除發現時雨量與日雨量在台灣地區之空間分布特徵外，亦對豪雨定義獲得合理依據。若以水稻災害為準，以3小時與6小時累積雨量定義似較日雨量更為理想。21年間所有豪雨之初步綜觀氣候分析顯示，普遍性豪雨應具可預報度，其發生與綜觀尺度環流系統有十分密切的關係。

並列摘要

The severe heavy rainfall over Taiwan area occurring in t he spring and early summer often causes severe disaster. The hourly rainfall data and meteorology-related damage reports were collected for the period of March through June 1960~1981. These data were analyzed to define an acceptable” Severe Heavy Rainfall” (SHR) based on the criteria derived from the meteorology and disaster considerations. The synoptic situations associated with the SHR were then classified and studied.Results show the spatial distributions of the climatological hourly and daily rainfalls over Taiwan area. Based on the rice crop damage analysis, the SHR seems to be better defined by the 3 h and 6 h accumulated rainfall than by the daiIy rainfall. Synoptic climatology on the SHR indicates that the occurrence of SHR is closely related to the synoptic-scale circulation systems and seems to be predictable.