衛星遙測在台灣地區大氣科學之應用研究回顧

Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing in Atmospheric Science in Taiwan

劉振榮(Gin-Rong Liu) ； 陳萬金(Wann-Jin Chen) ； 林唐煌(Tang-Huang Lin) ； 劉崇治(Chung-Chih Liu)

《大氣科學》 32卷3期 (2004/10) Pp. 247-274

摘要

自從1960年代作業用的氣象衛星升空後，衛星遙測的應用成為氣象作業與研究人員的利器，由太空看地球，更能瞭解地球的環境。國內自80年代也開始從事相關氣象應用與研究。本文即在簡單地描述最近十年來國內在應用氣象衛星資料於(l)空氣品質、(2)颱風、(3)降雨、(4)中尺度對流系統等四個範疇的相關研究。
一般而言，衛星資料在空氣品質之研究應用主要在大氣光學厚度之求取和沙塵暴等嚴重氣溶膠含量之動態監測，過去研究顯示確實具有良好的成效。颱風方面之應用研究主要在颱風參數的估算，如中心定位、颱風強度、暴風半徑等之求取，以及颱風生成與發展和降雨特性之分析與預估，目前此方面之研究仍在持續進行中。降雨估算方面主要在主動微波和被動微波資料之降雨估算，最近數年來在估算準確度上均有長足的進步。而中尺度對流系統的研究也已有極為明顯的成效，主要為應用衛星資料估算海氣參數，包含海氣能量通量的估算，並據此分析其相對於對流生成發展的合成指數，再應用此客觀潛力指數分析對流系統生成與發展之前兆預估，初步結果然顯示具有極佳的應用價值。

關鍵字

衛星遙測 ； 沙塵暴 ； 降雨 ； 颱風 ； 梅雨

並列摘要

Ever since the first meteorological satellite was launched in the 1960s, satellite remote sensing has become an important tool in atmospheric science. In Taiwan, the usage of meteorological satellites mainly began in the 1980s. The aim of this paper is to introduce the relevant applications in- 1) air quality, 2) typhoons, 3) rainfall, 4) mesoscale convective systems-via satellite remote sensing over the recent decade.
In the first theme, the satellite data is generally employed to estimate the atmospheric optical depth and aerosol concentration in monitoring the air quality and sandstorms. For typhoon applications, satellite images are used to pinpoint the center, and estimate the maximum wind speed, typhoon radius and intensity. In addition, many more potential applications are also currently being developed. In the area of rainfall estimations, there are two main data types passive and active microwave data. The data are used by various methods to estimate rainfall rates, where the results have been quite accurate. For the last topic, satellite observations are used to estimate the air-sea parameters, energy fluxes, and then combined to form an objective index to serve as an indicator for forecasting mesoscale convective systems occurring over oceans.

並列關鍵字

Satellite remote sensing ； Sandstorm ； Rainfall ； Typhoon ； MCS