公路交通噪音預測模式之研究

A Study on the Prediction Model of Road Traffic Noise in Taiwan

郭宏亮(Hung-Lian Kuo) ； 盧天鴻(Tien-Hung Lu) ； 張靜芬(Ching-Fen Chang)

《環境保護》 25卷1期 (2002/06) Pp. 31-41

https://doi.org/10.30017/EP.200206.0004

摘要

近年來，由於經濟活動的頻繁，使得新建、拓寬、改建公路或工廠的案件增加，在撰寫環境影響評估說明書時，需要有預測模式來推算施工階段及營運階段所產生的環境噪音量。目前所採用之預測模式都以大型車之混合率或數量為依據來計算L(下標 Aeq(1hr))，然而台灣一般公路上的車輛以機車的數量最多，且其單獨之噪音量比小型車大，所以如預測時此項因素不能忽略。於本次研究中為瞭解各種車輛單獨之噪音量，在高雄大發工業區內道路兩邊未開發路段旁實際量測，得知：機車之噪音量約為72dB(A)，小型車之噪音量約為68dB(A)，大型車之噪音量約為90dB(A)，
聯結車之噪音量約為93dB(A)。亦即，當3部小型車同時通過時，才有1部機車通過之噪音量；160部小型車同時通過時，才有1部大型車通過之噪音量；320部小型車同時通過時，才有1部聯結車通過之噪音量。若將每一部小型車當做1單位，而通過某一測點1小時的機車數為X，小型車數為Y，大型車數為Z，聯結車數為W，則可求得每一小時之log(3X+Y+160Z+320W)。由2000多個測點所得之數據算出之log(3X+Y+160Z+320W)與該數據相對應之L(下標 Aeq(1hr))之實測值，利用迴歸公式，求得預測模式如下：
L(下標 Aeq(1hr))=53.55+4.09×log(3X+Y+160Z+320W)
其中X：機車數量
Y：小型車數量
Z：大型車數量
W：聯結車數量
經另選144個測點，利用其資料驗證，結果實測值與模式計算值差之平均值為0.16dB(A)，此數值小於中華民國音響學會(2000~2001)受環保署委託所做之「噪音振動評估模式技術研討會」內之模式可用之範圍3dB(A)。

關鍵字

公路交通噪音 ； 噪音預測模式

並列摘要

In recent years, because of the economic growth, many roads and plants in Taiwan were reconstructed or expanded, the numbers of the trucks and trailers which drove into or out of the building site were increased, so the environmental noise would be increased directly and influenced the everyday life of the surrounding residents. For the sake of evaluating the quantity of the influence about the environmental noise level, three prediction models are usually used in Taiwan at present. These prediction models were based on the individual numbers or mixing rates of the trucks and the trailers to obtain the equivalent noise level of one hour in A-weighting, L(subscript Aeq(1hr)). But, the motorcycles are the major vehicles on the local roads in Taiwan, so that the numbers of motorcycle will be not neglected for finding the prediction model.
In this study, for obtaining the actually individual noise level of the motorcycle, the small car, the large car (the truck) and the trailer, select the newly constructed road in some industrial zone in Kaohsiung, and let each of the above vehicles passes the measuring point individually, The results of the measurement are as follow: the noise level of the motorcycle is about 72dB(A), and that of the small car, the large car, the trailer are about 68dB(A), 90dB(A), and 93dB(A), respectively. In other words, the noise level produced by three small cars equals the noise level produced by one motorcycle, and the noise level produced by 160 small cars equals the noise level produced by one large car, the noise level produced by 320 small cars equals the noise level produced by one trailer. If let one small car be one unit, then one motorcycle will be 3 units, one large car will be 160 units and one trailer will be 320 units. And so, the every one hour value of
log(3X+Y+160Z+320W) will be calculated, where X, Y, Z, W are the numbers of the motorcycle, the small car, the large car, and the trailer, respectively, in one hour. From the data of the actual measurement L(subscript Aeq(1hr)) and log(3X+Y+160Z+320W) of over two thousand measuring points, to obtain the regressive formula of the prediction model is
L(subscript Aeq(1hr))=53.55+4.09×log(3X+Y+160Z+320W)
By using another group of data from 144 measuring points substitute into the above formula to get the calculated values of L(subscript Aeq(1hr)), and then calculate the average difference between the calculated values and the actual measuring values of L(subscript Aeq(1hr)). The result is 0.16dB(A) which is smaller than 3dB(A) approved by the Department of Environmental Protection.

並列關鍵字

Road Traffic Noise ； Prediction Model of Noise