油品成分對四行程機車排放微粒分徑濃度影響之研究

Effects of Fuel Composition on the Concentration of Exhaust Particles from a 4-Stroke Motorcycle Engine

許翔璽(Hsiang-Hsi Hsu) ； 張元義(Yuan-Yi Chang) ； 謝侑儒(Yu-Ju Hsieh) ； 林文印(Wen-Yinn Lin) ； 鄭福田(Fu-Tien Jeng)

《環境保護》 30卷1期 (2007/06) Pp. 22-39

https://doi.org/10.30017/EP.200706.0003

摘要

由於台灣地區地狹人稠，多數地區之大眾運輸系統尚未滿足民眾需求，因此汽、機車等私人運具乃為陸上交通之主要交通工具。根據交通部統計處資料（交通統計月報）顯示，截至民國九十六年九月底止，台灣登記車輛數共20,624千輛，包括機車約13,860千輛、小客車約5,708千輛、小貨車約811千輛、大客貨車約191千輛。與民國八十三年比較機動車輛總數增加達1.5倍以上，尤以小客車及機車增加最多，成長比例接近六成。機車更因具有機動性、便捷、停車方便、價格便宜等特性，為台灣地區最普遍之個人交通工具。
本研究試利用四行程機車引擎、引擎動力計、Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI)等，建立機車引擎排放微粒採樣系統。機車排放之粒狀污染物粒徑分布、數目濃度變化之量測採用ELPI進行量測。而在不同轉速與負載程度的變化，可依動力計及其控制器進行設計。本研究建置的粒狀污染物採樣系統，設計了四種不同型車型態（惰轉、低轉速、中轉速及高轉速），以探討不同行車型態下對機車引擎粒狀污染物排放濃度之影響。再以17種不同成分比例之樣品油探討不同油品對機車引擎粒狀污染物排放濃度之影響，本研究所使用之樣品油係指不同氧含量、硫含量、芳香烴及苯含量比例之油品。
研究結果顯示不同油品所排放之微粒濃度依照不同行車型態濃度分布可分成三型態：第一型態惰轉不穩定，低轉速濃度最高，中轉速濃度下降，高轉速濃度先高後低。第二型態惰轉濃度最高，隨著轉速增高濃度降低。第三型態趨勢不明顯。以單一成分含量高低討論成分對微粒排放之影響，氧含量、硫含量及芳香烴含量較高的油品排放微粒的濃度也明顯較高，而苯含量對於油品微粒排放濃度的影響相對之下則較不顯著。不同行車型態微粒排放平均粒徑，F02在各種行車型態之數目平均粒徑皆大於其他油品。惰轉時，共有7種油品(F03、F04、F07、F08、F09、F13、F15)平均粒徑大於其它行車型態。

關鍵字

粒狀污染物 ； 粒徑分佈 ； 四行程機車 ； 油品成分

並列摘要

Because the cities are crowded and mass transportation systems have not met the demands for all people yet in Taiwan, several private transportations such as automobile, motorcycles or scooters are most common for land transportation. According to the statistical data from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, up to the end of September of 2007, the transport have registered and amounted to 20624000 of vehicles, including about 13860000 of motorcycles, about 5708000 of automobiles, about 811000 of light trucks, and about 191000 of heavy trucks. To compare with the total amount of motorcycles in 1994, the number has grown and reached to more than 1.5 times in 2007. The number of automobile and motorcycle has grown about 60%. The motorcycle has many advantages, such as high mobility, high convenience, and low cost. For these reasons, the motorcycle has become the most popular personal transportation in Taiwan.
In this study, the particle measurement system consisted of a 4-stroke motorcycle engine (125 c.c.), dynamometer, and electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI). The particle size distribution and the number concentration are measured by ELPI. The engine rotation speed and loading are controlled by the dynamometer. In the particle measurement system, we designed four types of status of the rotational speed (idling, low rotational speed, middle rotational speed, and high rotational speed) in order to simulate different driving conditions and study the influence from different sample fuels on particle emission.
The results of particle emission used different fuels can be divided into three types. In the first type, the emission concentration is unstable in idling, the highest in low rotation speed, decreasing by degrees in middle rotation speed, decreasing after increasing in high rotation speed. In the second type, the emission concentration is decreasing when rotation speed is increasing, moreover, the emission concentration is the highest in idling. In the third type, the trend of emission concentration cannot be seen obviously. Discussing the influence of composition of fuel on particle emission, the emission concentration is relatively high as long as the fuel contains more oxygen percentage, high sulfur percentage, and high aromatic hydrocarbons percentage. The studied result of particle emission is not relevant to the content of benzene of fuel. In idling, there are 7 kinds of sample fuels (F03, F04, F07, F08, F09, F13, F15) for increasing the average particle size. Moreover, using the second sample fuel (F02) can increase the average particle size in any types of rotational speed of the engine.

並列關鍵字

Particulate Matter ； Particle Size Distribution ； 4-Stroke Motorcycle ； Fuel Composition