- 期刊
阻燃藥劑處理木質纖維素材料之燃氣毒性評估
Evaluation of the Combustion Gas Toxicity of Fire-Retardant Treated Lignocellulosic Materials
摘要
木材應用於建築物室內裝修材料時容易燃燒的缺點，可藉阻燃處理賦予耐燃性而改善；但不能因為此項阻燃處理而增加其燃燒氣體毒性。因此，選取對木材阻燃性的提升有一定效應的九種藥劑，對其所處理之紙漿板與杉木板試材進行燃燒氣體毒性評估。評估試驗分成化學分析（毒性指數）及生物試驗（小白鼠暴露試驗）兩方面進行。期望能用簡單的化學分析來預測生物試驗的結果，以作為阻燃藥劑研發之參考。結果發現：（1）藥劑處理材會對CO、CO_2的生成量有抑制效應，對其他氣體的生成量則有增加效應。（2）試材完全燃燒時所釋出的生成物總毒性，隨著藥劑吸收量增加而上升。（3）同樣加熱燃燒6分鐘時（試材未完全燒盡），處理材所釋出氣體對小白鼠的影響小於未處理材。（4）藥劑對CO、CO_2生成量的抑制效應，對小白鼠的活動時間延長有決定性的影響。
並列摘要
The combustibility of wood and wood-base materials is unfavorable when they are used as internal finish materials of buildings. It is possible to make them fire endurable by fire retardant treatment. But it is not desirable to increase their combustion gas toxicity by the treatment. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the combustion gas toxicity of the fire-retardant-treated wood. Nine formulations of fire retardant were selected for the treatment of China fir and pulp board specimens. The combustion gas toxicity of the fire-retardant-treated specimens were evaluated by the toxicity index method prescribed in the UK Naval Engineering Standard (NES) 713 and the mice exposure method adopted by the Japanese Building Regulation, which is the same as the Ministry of Construction Notification 1231-1976. The untreated specimens were also tested in the same way for comparison. The experimental results are summarized as follows: 1. The fire-retardant-treated China fir and pulp board specimens restrained the development of CO_2 and CO gases, but reinforced that of the other gases. 2. When the specimens were completely ignited, the total toxicity of the gases produced increased with increasing the retention of fire-retardant chemicals. 3. The gases developed from the treated specimens had less influence on the mice than that from the untreated ones in the same exposure time when the specimens were not completely ignited. 4. The incapaciation time of mice was strongly affected by the amounts of CO_2 and CO gases developed.