奈米水性木器防火塗料之阻燃特性研究

The flame-retardant properties of water- based fire-retardant nano-coatings on fiberboard

郭子豪(Zi-How Kuo)

指導教授 ： 張合

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/製造科技研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究在探討奈米顆粒對水性防火塗料之阻燃特性，包括對熱安定與燃燒性質的影響。本文所採用之水性塗料為醋酸乙烯脂樹脂 (VAC)，再加入具防火性質之聚磷酸銨-異戊四醇-三聚氰銨 (APP-PER-MEL)等三種基本成分所組成的膨脹型阻燃劑，以及再搭配不同濃度之奈米氫氧化鎂顆粒、多壁奈米碳管及奈米硼酸鋅粉末而組成水性防火塗料。藉由調控阻燃劑與三種不同形貌奈米顆粒之濃度比例，以分析奈米顆粒對水性塗料的防火相乘效應。將調配出特定比例之奈米塗料塗佈在合板上，藉由熱重分析儀 (TGA)與圓錐量熱儀(CCT)檢測水性奈米防火塗料的熱安定性與燃燒特性。實驗結果顯示，由重量濃度分別為28%之MH及2%之MWNT 所組成之奈米防火塗料與僅有加入阻燃劑之防火塗料相比較，在燃燒溫度為580℃之條件下，可增加約80％之殘留量。此外由重量濃度分別為28%之MH及2%之MWNT 所組成之奈米防火塗料與僅有加入阻燃劑之防火塗料相比較，可減少約15％之最大熱釋放量，且此種奈米防火塗料達到最大熱釋放量所需之時間，比其他樣品延遲約70秒。由重量濃度分別為20%之MH及10%之ZB 所組成之奈米防火塗料，達到最大熱釋放量所需之時間，比其他樣品延遲約60秒，且與僅有加入阻燃劑之防火塗料相比較，可減少約13％之最大熱釋放量。

另外，奈米塗料在熱分解時所形成的炭層結構比起僅由阻燃劑APP-PER-MEL成分所組成之水性塗料的炭層結構來的更緻密，因而可以有效減少熱量與易燃揮發物傳遞到合板表面，因而可提高合板之阻燃性能。

關鍵字

膨脹型阻燃劑 ； 熱安定性 ； 多壁奈米碳管 ； 奈米硼酸鋅

並列摘要

The study explores the effects of the flame-retardant properties of nano-particles on water-based fire-retardant coatings, which include the effects on thermal stability and combustion properties. The coating used by the paper is acrylate resin (VAC), which is added with 3 basic components, including fire-retardant ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine (APP-PER-MEL), to form an itumescent fire retardant (IFR). Then the fire retardent is added with magnesium hydroxide (MgOH, MH) nanograins, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and zinc borate (ZB) nanopowder of different concentrations, to form water-based fire-retardant coatings. By adjusting and controlling the concentration ratios of flame retardant to the 3 kinds of nano-particles with different profiles, the study analyzes the fire-retardant multiplying effect of nanograins on water-based coatings.
The nano-coatings mixed in special proportion are coated on plywood. Through thermogeavimetric analyzer (TGA) and cone calorimeter (CCT), the study inspects the thermal stability and combustion properties of water-based fire-retardant nanocoatings. The experimental results show that when the fire-retardant nanocoating composed of MH of concentration 28% and MWNT of concentration 2% is compared with the fire-retardant coating added with flame retardant only, the amount of residue can be increased by around 80% at combustion temperature 580℃. Besides, when the fire-retardant nanocoating composed of MH of weight concentration 28% and MWNT of weight concentration 2% is compared with the fire-retardant coating added with flame retardant only, the maximum heat release can be decreased by about 15%. The time required for this fire-retardant nanocoating to achieve maximum heat release is delayed by around 70 seconds when compared with other samples.
Besides, the carbon-layered structure formed during thermal decomposition of nano-coating is more compact than the carbon-layered structure of water-based coating composed of the flame-retardant APP-PER-MEL components only. Therefore, nano-coatings can effectively decrease the transfer of heat and inflammable volatiles to plywood surface, and can enhance the flame retardant performance of plywood.

並列關鍵字

itumescent flame retardant ； thermal stability ； multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) ； nano-particles zinc borate (ZB)

參考文獻

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[30] 莊智勝，不同載體樹脂及其配方對膨脹型防火塗料之特性效應，碩士論

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United States Patent, US3575882,1991.