砂浴熱處理木材之基本性質研究（Ⅰ）處理溫度對尺寸安定性之改善效應

Studies of Basic Property of Wood by Sand-heat Treatments (Ⅰ) The effect of Treating Temperature on Dimensional Stability of Wood

林仁政(R.J. Lin) ； 廖坤福(K.F. Liao) ； 彭秀鳳(S.F. Peng) ； 洪國榮(K.J. Hong)

《林產工業》 17卷1期 (1998/03) Pp. 21-35

摘要

本研究主要是以砂浴熱處理的方法，將杉木、柳杉、泡桐、相思樹、柚木與紅櫟木等木材施以加熱處理，配合不同的處理溫度，探討木材尺寸安定性之改善效應及比重、外觀顏色之變化情形。茲總括其摘要如下：1.就比重而言，隨著處理溫度的提高，其比重有明顯降低的趨勢。當溫度超過260°C時比重降低更增明顯。相思樹和紅櫟木受溫度影響則較少。2.溫度梯度與色差值（△E*）有正面的關係存在， 處理溫度超過240°C後杉木、紅櫟木和泡桐色差值有增大的趨勢，可改善木材之外觀性。3.抗收縮效能（ASE）和抗吸濕效能（MEE），皆隨處理溫度提高改良效果愈佳，其中以240、260°C最為明顯。高相對溼度下（40°C、90% R.H.）之ASE1優於中相對溼度（20°C、65% R.H.）者。徑向的ASE值較弦向為佳。低比重優於高比重者。

關鍵字

砂浴 ； 尺寸安定性 ； 色差值 ； 抗收縮效能 ； 抗吸濕效能

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to modify the dimensional stability, color changes and specific gravity of wood by heat treatments at different temperatures by sand-heat methods. The species applied for this experiment were Chinese cedar, Japanese cedar, paulownia, acacia, teak and red oak. The main results obtained by this study are summarized as the follows: 1. The reduction in specific gravity had evidently increased with the increasing of temperature of the treatments, but it was inversely correlated with the specific gravity of wood. The specific gravity reduction evidently when temperature was higher than 260℃. The temperature of treament had less effects for acacia and red oak. 2. The values of △E* of treated specimen increased with the increase of temperature of the treatment. The values of △E* of Chinese cedar, red oak and paulownia had increased trend when temperature was higher than 240℃. It could improve the color of wood surfaces by heat treatments. 3. The values of antishrink efficiency (ASE) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) were increased with the increasing in the temperature of treatment, specially most obvious at 240℃、260℃. The values of ASE under the conditions of 40℃、90% R.H. were higher than of 20℃、65% R.H.. The wood with lower specific gravity appeared to have the higher improved effect than that of the higher specific gravity.