抽出成分對木材耐腐朽性之影響及腐朽材的化學結構變化

Effects of Extractives on the Decay Resistance of Wood and Variations in the Chemical Structures of Decayed Wood

張惠婷(Hui-Ting Chang) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang) ； 吳季玲(Chi-Lin Wu)

《林產工業》 19卷4期 (2000/12) Pp. 457-466

摘要

本試驗係探討抽出成分對木材耐腐朽性的影響，以及木材經真菌腐朽後的化學結構變化。研究結果顯示，柳杉心材與紅柳桉對褐腐菌Laetiporus sulphureus具有良好的耐腐朽性；而杉木的抽出成分對於L. sulphureus的耐腐朽性，經過長時間腐朽後並無明顯的抑制效果。木材經L. sulphureus山腐朽後，纖維素中β-葡萄糖苷的鍵結減少，纖維素的聚合度降低且全纖維素的含量減少。而柳杉邊材、紅櫟木與硬槭木對於白腐菌Lenzites betulina的耐腐朽性低於其他試材，另外，白腐菌可腐朽紅櫟木與硬槭木組成分中的親脂性抽出成分。木材經L. betulina腐朽後，除了纖維素的降解以外，木質素亦降解形成多量含羰基、共軛羰基與羧酸基等結構。

關鍵字

木材 ； 真菌 ； 耐腐朽性 ； 抽出成分 ； 化學結構

並列摘要

The effects of extractives on the decay resistance of six species of wood and the variations in the chemical structures of decayed wood were evaluated in this study. Results from the decay test revealed that Japanese cedar and red lauan possessed the superior decay resistance against brown-rot fungus Laetiporus sulphureus. After a long-term exposure, extractives of China fir can't inhibit the decay of China fir by L. sulphureus. The amount of β-D-glucoside linkage of wood was decreased after the decay test with L. sulphureus . It demonstrated that the polymerization degree of cellulose and the content of cellulose of brown-rot decayed wood were reduced. The decay resistance of hard maple and red oak against white-rot fungus Lenzites betulina were less than that of the other woods. It was also known that the lipid extractives of hard maple and red oak were digested by white-rot fungi. Besides the degradation of cellulose, the lignin of wood decayed by L. betulina was also destroyed, consequently leading to the formation of a greater amount of carbonyl, conjugated carbonyl and carboxyl groups.

並列關鍵字

Wood ； Fungi ； Decay resistance ； Extractives ； Chemical structure