多元醇液化柳杉材及其在PU發泡體之應用

Polyhydric Alcohol Liquefied Japanese Cedar Wood and Its Utilization in the Preparation of PU Foams

尤昭云(Chao-YunYu) ； 李文昭(Wen-Jau Lee)

《林產工業》 25卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 143-158

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.2006.25.(2).7

摘要

本研究以聚乙二醇／丙三醇混合液（PEG/Glycerol）為溶劑，硫酸及鹽酸為催化劑對柳杉（Japanese cedar）木材行液化處理，並利用液化木材之殘渣率、不揮發分、黏度、酸價及羥價做為液化效果之評估指標，以FT-IR紅外線光譜分析儀檢測經液化處理後木材化學構造之變化。液化後木材則進一步與PMDI（Polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate）、Desmodur N（HDI trimer）、Desmodur L（Toluene diisocyanate and trimethylol propane adduct）等三種異氰酸酯化合物混合製造聚胺基甲酸酯（Polyurethane ;PU）發泡體，探討液化木材、異氰酸醋種類、二成分混合比，及發泡劑、界面活性劑、催化劑等添加物對PU發泡體性質之影響。由試驗結果得知，液化時以硫酸為催化劑者之液化效果優於鹽酸，其液化木材之黏度與殘渣率均較低，經90 min液化處理後，前者之黏度為657 cps，後者為4580 cps。以硫酸為催化劑者其酸價高於以鹽酸為催化劑者，羥價則以鹽酸為催化劑者較高。FT-IR光譜分析，顯示液化過程中多元醇與木材發生反應，改變其化學結構。液化柳杉木為原料所製造PU發泡體之性質受液化條件及PU樹脂調配條件所影響，以硫酸為液化時之催化劑者，其PU發泡體之比重較高，浸水時之重量保存率較大；PU樹脂調配時提高NCO/（OH+COOH）莫耳比可提高其PU發泡體之重量保存率與耐溶劑性，並降低單位體積最大吸水量及重量損失率。

關鍵字

異氰酸酯 ； 液化木材 ； 多元醇 ； 聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂 ； PU發泡體

並列摘要

Japaness cedar wood was liquefied in the co-solvent of polyethylene glycol/Glycerol with H_2SO_4 and HCI as catalyst in this study. The effect of liquefaction was evaluated by the residue content, nonvolatile content, viscosity and acid and hydroxyl number of the liquefied wood. The variation of the chemical structure of liquefied wood was analyzed by the FT-IR spectrum. The liquefied woods were blended with three kinds of isocyanates, such as PMDI (Polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate), Desmodur N (HDI timer) and Desmodur L (Toluene diisocyanate and trimethylol propane adduct) to prepare the PU foams. The effects of liquefied wood, isocyanate, two components blending ratio and the additive of blowing agent, surfactant and catalyst on the properties of PU foams were investigated. The results showed that Japanese fir liquefied with H_2SO_4 as catalyst had batter effect than which with HCI, the former had lower residue content and viscosity than the latter. After 90 minutes of liquefaction, the liquefied wood with H_2SO_4 and HCI as catalyst had viscosity of 657 cps and 4580 cps respectively. The liquefied wood that with H_2SO_4 as catalyst had higher acid number but lower hydroxyl number than that with HCl as catalyst. The FT-IR spectrurn showed that polyethylene glycol could react with wood and changed its chemical structure. The properties of PU foams made from Iiquefied wood were influeneed by the conditions of wood liquefaction and the formulas of PU foams The PU foams made from liquefied wood which with H_2SO_4 as catalyst had higher specific gravity and percent weight retention than which with HCI as catalyst. Increasing the molar ratio of NCO/(OH+COOH) ， the percent weight retention and solvent resistance of PU foams would increased, and the water adsorption per unit volume and weight loss of PU foams would decrease.

並列關鍵字

Isocyanate ； Liquefied wood ； Polyhydric alcohol ； Polyurethane ； PU Foams