四種萃取方法對過山香葉子精油成分之影響

Effects of Four Extraction Methods on the Constituents of Essential Oils from the Leaves of ＂Clausena excavata＂

莊閔傑(Min-Jay Chung) ； 鄭森松(Sen-Sung Cheng) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang)

《林產工業》 27卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 271-279

摘要

以HD、SFE、SPME及HSAE四種方法萃取過山香葉子精油，比較其收率及成分的差異。試驗結果顯示：HD萃取過山香葉子精油之收率較SFE為高，分別為3.45%及1.19%。此外，探討不同SFE壓力對精油萃取結果之影響，試驗結果顯示精油收率與萃取壓力呈正比，以4500 psi壓力萃取可獲得較高的收率（1.44%），而當萃取壓力為2500 psi時，所得精油成分的種類較多。HD、SFE、SPME及HSAE萃取的精油成分均以Safrole為主，其含量分別為72.63%、85.76%、92.83%及51.40%，而以SPME法分析所得之含量百分比較高。此外，以HD及HSAE法萃取之精油均含有較多之碳氫單萜類化合物（含量分別為19.73%及29.99%），其中以Terpinolene為主要成分，而SFE法萃取之精油則含有較多的倍半萜類及二萜類化合物。

關鍵字

過山香 ； 精油 ； 頂空吸附萃取 ； 水蒸餾萃取 ； 固相微萃取 ； 超臨界萃取

並列摘要

The objective of this study is to compare the yields and compositions of the leaf essential oils from Clausena excavata using hydrodistillation (HD), supercritical extraction (SFE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and headspace absorption extraction (HSAE) methods. The results showed that, the yield of essential oils of C. excavata leaves obtained by HD methods was higher than by SFE (3.45% vs 1.19%, w/w). Moreover, results obtained from using different SFE pressures revealed that higher yield of essential oils (1.44, w/w) was obtained by using a pressure of 4500 psi and the oil yield was improved with increasing the extraction pressure. However, the results also revealed that more constituents (10 compounds) of essential oil were obtained when extracting the leaves of C. excavata under a pressure of 2500 psi. Besides, safrole was the major compound of the leaf essential oil when extracted by HD, SFE, SPME and HSAE methods (72.63%, 85.76%, 92.83% and 51.40%, respectively), indicating that higher content of safrole was obtained using SPME method. Results also revealed that larger quantities (19.73% and 29.99%, respectively) of monoterpene hydrocarbons were extracted using HD and HSAE methods and the major compound is terpinolene among these monoterpene hydrocarbons, while higher content of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were extracted using SFE method.

並列關鍵字

Clausena excavate ； Essential oil ； Headspace absorption extraction ； Hydrodistillation ； Solid-phase microextraction ； Supercritical extraction