杉木木材快速熱解之生質油製備Resol型酚－甲醛樹脂之性質

Properties of Resol-type Phenol-formaldehyde Resins Prepared by the Bio-oil Produced from Fast Pyrolysis of Cunninghamia lanceolata Wood

李文昭(Wen-Jau Lee) ； 張國峻(Kuo-Chun Chang)

《林產工業》 36卷2期 (2017/06) Pp. 89-96

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.2017.36(2).3

摘要

本研究將杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata；China fir）木材以快速熱裂解方式產出生質油（Bio-oil），並利用酚/生質油重量比10/0、7/3、6/4、5/5製備Resol型水溶性酚-甲醛樹脂（Phenol-formaldehyderesin；PF），所得PF樹脂測定其粘度、固形分、pH值、未反應甲醛含量、膠化時間及分子量，並以熱示差掃描卡量儀（Differential scanningcalorimeter；DSC）分析PF樹脂之熱硬化性，以熱重分析儀（Thermogravimertric analyzer；TGA）分析其硬化樹脂之熱安定性，並探討將此PF樹脂應用於合板製造之可行性。由試驗結果得知，酚/生質油重量比5/5時仍可得均質相之PF樹脂溶液，然隨生質油所佔比例增加，其樹脂液之粘度和未反應甲醛含量提高。與單獨採用酚為原料之PF樹脂比較，含生質油之PF樹脂在高溫下所需之膠化時間較短。DSC熱分析顯示，含生質油之PF樹脂之放熱峰向低溫側偏移，反應熱則隨生質油比例增加而減少。TGA結果顯示，含生質油之PF樹脂之熱安定性較低，熱裂解行為較複雜。將其應用於合板製造時，其常態、溫水浸水及反覆煮沸浸水之膠合強度均可達CNS 1349號標準中對一類合板之要求。

關鍵字

生質油 ； 膠合強度 ； 杉木 ； 快速熱裂解 ； 酚-甲醛樹脂

並列摘要

In this study, bio-oil was produced by fast pyrolysis of Cunninghamia lanceolata (China fir) wood. Resol-type water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resins (PF) were prepared with a mixture of phenol/bio-oil with the weight ratio of 10/0, 7/3, 6/4 and 5/5. The viscosity, solid content, pH value, unreacted formaldehyde content, gelation time and molecular weight of PF resins prepared were measured. In addition, the thermal setting behavior of different resins was detected by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and the thermal stability of cured resins was analyzed by thermogravimertric analyzer (TGA). Furthermore, the feasibility of using these resins in the manufacturing of plywood was also investigated. The experimental results that show PF resin solution with a homogeneous phase can be obtained even when the weight ratio of phenol/bio-oil reaches to 5/5. However, the viscosity and unreacted formaldehyde content of the resin solution increases with the increasing ratio of bio-oil. PF resins containing bio-oil have a shorter gelation time at high temperature as compared with the PF resin using phenol along as a raw material. The result of DSC analysis shows that the exothermic peak shifts to the low temperature side, and the reaction heat decreases with the ratio of bio-oil increased. The result of TGA shows that PF resins containing bio-oil have a lower thermal stability, and have a more complex thermal degradation behavior. When these resins are applied to the manufacture of plywood, the bonding strength of normal and after warm water and repeated boiling water immersion can meet the requirement of CNS 1349 standard for the type 1 class plywood.

並列關鍵字

Bio-oil ； Bonding strength ； Cunninghamia lanceolata ； Fast pyrolysis ； Phenol-formaldehyde resin