不同種類酚原料製備醇溶性酚甲醛樹脂之性質

Properties of Alcohol-soluble Phenol-formaldehyde Resins Prepared from Different Phenolic Raw Materials

李文昭(Wen-Jau Lee) ； 李雲蕓(Yun-Yun Lee) ； 陳奕君(Yi-Chun Chen)

《林產工業》 37卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 37-45

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.201803_37(1).0004

摘要

酚甲醛樹脂（Phenol-formaldehyde resin；PF）為木材工業上最重要的合成樹脂之一，其中Resol型醇溶性PF樹脂主要做為含浸樹脂使用。由於PF樹脂製備時所需的酚原料為石化工業產物，若能以具備再生性特質的生質物材料取代，則對環境保護及資源永續利用將有很大助益。本研究以化石酚、酚液化木質素（Phenol-liquefied lignin；LL）及木材快速熱解油（Wood fast pyrolysis oil；PO）為原料製備PF、LL-PF及PO-PF等三種醇溶性PF樹脂，比較不同種類酚原料所製備PF樹脂之性質，並以牛皮紙為基材探討將其應用於PF樹脂含浸成型板製作之可行性。由試驗結果得知，三種酚原料所製備PF樹脂在濃度25%時均為低粘度的弱鹼性溶液，其中以PF有較大的平均分子量，LL-PF則較小。熱示差掃描卡量（Differential scanning calorimetry；DSC）分析結果顯示，LL-PF及PO-PF的硬化反應需較高的加熱溫度。以160℃加熱硬化之PF樹脂經溶出試驗之重量保留率在96.6%以上。硬化樹脂之熱重分析（Thermogravimetric analysis；TGA）及成型板性質測定結果顯示其熱抵抗性及成型板性能依序為PF、PO-PF及LLPF。

關鍵字

醇溶性酚甲醛樹脂 ； 成型板 ； 酚液化木質素 ； 熱解油 ； 樹脂含浸牛皮紙

並列摘要

Phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) is one of the most important synthetic resins used in wood industry. The main application of resol-type alcohol-soluble PF resin is used as a impregnating resin. Phenol used for the preparation of PF resins is a petrochemical industrial product. If it can be replaced by biomaterials with renewable characteristic, it will be of great help to environmental protection and sustainable use of resources. In this study, three kinds of alcohol-soluble PF resins, named PF, LL-PF and PO-PF, were prepared with petroleum-based phenol, phenol-liquefied lignin (LL) and wood fast pyrolysis oil (PO) as raw materials, respectively. The properties of PF resins prepared with different phenolic materials were compared and the feasibility of molding plates made with PF resin impregnated Kraft paper was investigated. The experimental results show that all alcohol-soluble PF resins with 25% concentration are low-viscosity and weakly alkaline solutions. Among which, PF and LL-PF have the highest and lowest average molecular weight, respectively. The experimental results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicate a higher curing temperature is needed for LL-PF and PO-PF to undergo the setting reaction. PF resins hot-cured at 160 ℃ have the weight retention above 96.6% after the dissolution test. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of cured resins and the properties of molding plates show that the thermal stability and performance of molding plate in descending order are as follows: PF, PO-PF and LL-PF.

並列關鍵字

Alcohol-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin ； Molding plates ； Phenol-liquefied lignin ； Pyrolysis oil ； Resin impregnated Kraft paper