合歡山區步道衝擊之研究

Trail Impacts in Hohuanshan Area;Taroko National Park;Central Taiwan

劉儒淵(Ju-Yuan Liu) ； 曾家琳(Chia-Lin Tseng)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 17卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. 141-151

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.200309_17(3).0002

摘要

合歡山區為台灣最著名的高山賞雪據點之一，除了冬季下雪時節蜂擁的賞雪人潮外，在其他季節，其壯麗的高山景緻也吸引了不少遊客。唯因密集的遊憩使用，已對該區各主要據點及步道沿線之植群、土壤及其他自然資源造成相當程度之不良影響，實有必要對其遊憩衝擊效應作詳細的調查監測，並速謀改善或防治策略，以免衝擊現象日益惡化，而降低高山地區之遊憩環境品質。
本研究藉由覆蓋度減少率(CR)、植相變異度(FD)及指標植物—玉山箭竹之植株高度降低率(HR)等三項植群衝擊介量，輔以土壤硬度增加率(SHI)之調查分析，來探討合歡山區往石門山、北合歡山及合歡東峰等三條主要登山步道沿線之遊憩衝擊效應，及其與環境因子間之關係。初步調查研究結果顯示：
1.遊客踐踏是步道沿線植群與土壤衝擊之主要肇因，其衝擊影響範圍均集中在步道邊緣2公尺以內。
2.各步道沿線之植群與土壤衝擊效應因步道沿線之環境條件不同而有所差異。各步道邊緣1公尺A小區之「植群衝擊指數」(IVI)均屬Ⅱ級的中等程度；1～2公尺間B小區則以此合歡山步道之IVI值(39%)較高，介於Ⅰ～Ⅱ級之間，而石門山及合歡東峰步道之IVI值则屬Ⅰ級的輕微衝擊程度。
3．以步道兩側的植群覆蓋度為可接受改變限度(LAC)之指標因子，針對遊客所作之問卷調查結果，訂出其可接受改變之標準為減少40%之覆蓋度。
藉由定性觀察及定量之調查研究結果，本研究針對合歡山地區各步道之衝擊情形，提出若干具體改善及防治之建議，供為相關單位在制定或修正經營管理策略時之參考。

關鍵字

步道衝擊 ； 植群衝擊指數(IVI) ； 可接受的改變限度(LAC) ； 合歡山

並列摘要

This study was conducted at Hohuanshan area, a famous alpine snow-seeing site located in central Taiwan, to investigate and monitor the patterns and extent of trampling impacts along trails. In addition to the vegetation change represented by cover reduction (CR), floristic dissimilarity (FD), and height reduction (HR) of the indicator plant (Yushania niitakayamensis), the increase of soil hardness (SHI) was added to evaluate the trampling impacts.
The results of field data analysis led to the following conclusions:
1.Vegetation and soil changes were found within 2 meters from the sides of trails.
2.The patterns and extent of trail degradation varied with the site conditions of trails.
3.The ”Index of Vegetation Impact” (IVI), a combination of the three vegetation parameters above, can serve as a synthetic indicator for monitoring the extent of trampling impacts along trails of thisarea.
4.The standard of acceptable change in ground coverage was found to be 40% of coverage reduction from the trails according to the ”Limit of acceptable change” (LAC) questionnaires from visitors.
Some suggestions for management were provided to minimize the trampling impacts of trails.

並列關鍵字

Trail impact ； Index of Vegetation Impact (IVI) ； limit of acceptable change (LAC) ； Hohuanshan