高雄市壽山自然公園的建制過程與初期規劃經驗

The Establishing Process of the Shou-Shan Natural Park and Its Experiences at Initiative Planning Stage

李侑珍(Yu-Chen Lee) ； 盧道杰(Dau-Jye Lu) ； 李國忠(Kou-Chung J. Lee)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 19卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 103-131

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.200506_19(2).0003

摘要

高雄市壽山自然公園是國內除台北市關渡自然公園外的另例地方政府主導棲地現地治理的機制，可視為地方政府級的保護區。由於沒有中央法規基礎，係地方自主主導建制，其中地方保育人士可說是整個建制過程最大的促進力，而地方政府的意願與行動則是關鍵的動力。整個建制過程涉及權益關係者間的互動，及地方與中央政府間權限的對話，是嵌植於政治、經濟、社會文化層面的一連串複雜的政治過程。壽山自然公園雖原意整合休閒遊憩與保育的目標，其經營管理體制架構以國家公園為師，採全面管制開發原則，以保育團體、政府單位與學者專家為主的運作機制，排除在地社區與其他權益關係者的參與，仍屬菁英集權排除式的經營管理思維。因此，其規劃與經營管理既難以滿足每個權益關係者的期盼，也需要更多的資源投入，從而主管機關有申請改制為國家級之議。藉自國際保育社會的理論與英國地方自然保留區的經驗，作為一個地方級的現地保育機制，壽山自然公園的體制建制自有其貢獻，然未能充分利用在地優勢，整合基層社會力，卻是其可以加強努力的地方。

關鍵字

自然公園 ； 地方級保護區 ； 分權 ； 保育團體 ； 權益關係者 ； 高雄

並列摘要

The Shou-Shan Natural Park was the alternative ”in situ” mechanism conducted by local government except the Taipei Kuan-Du Natural Park in Taiwan in recent years. Without legislative support by the central government, this park was initiated by the locals itself which included the local conservationists and the local government both played a key role on building up the institutions. Its designation process was involved in interactions among stakeholders and power dialogue between central government and local government. It was therefore rather a complicated and dynamic process which roosting in political, economic and social cultural dimensions. At very beginning, the local conservation NGOs pretended to create the new mechanism of a natural park to integrating leisure activities with conservation need. Since it adopted a framework similar to the national park that was to regulate all development activities within the park, also the operating system was composed of conservation NGOs, governmental officers and academics and excluded participation of local communities and other stakeholders, this initiative just has met difficulties at its preliminary stage of planning and management. As a local ”in situ” initiative, the centralized and elite-oriented management paradigm made the Shou-Shan Natural Park difficult to collect resources and to satisfy each stakeholder, and need plenty of resources for its planning and management. The Kaohsiung Municipal Government was therefore keen to apply for being replaced by a national park. Based on experiences of international conservation community and the case of local natural reserves in UK, as a local ”in situ” initiative, this study recognized the contribution for the institutional arrangement of the Shou-Shan Natural Park, but suggested that it may include local participation in order to improve its planning and management in the future.

並列關鍵字

Natural Park ； local protected area ； decentralization ； conservation NGO ； stakeholder ； Kaohsiung