珊瑚樹種子非深度形態生理休眠與發芽

Non-deep Morphophysiological Dormancy and Germination of Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Seeds

張焜標(Kun-Piao Chang) ； 張雯婷(Wen-Ting Chang)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 21卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 181-192

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.200709_21(3).0001

摘要

珊瑚樹種子（真實種子加內果皮）具有休眠性，新鮮種子即播後發芽不整齊且需時甚長（約需6個月）。本研究利用層積、浸水與去除內果皮與否等處理，以探討種子的休眠程度，並尋求解除種子休眠與促進發芽之方法。試驗結果顯示，新鮮種子於4、10、15、20、20/25℃等不同溫度之層積處理2~12週，種子發芽率隨層積時間的增加而逐漸提高，且平均發芽時間亦隨之遞減。其中以10、15與20℃三種溫度層積至第6週，發現種子已開始發芽。將層積於15℃中之種子定期取出解剖觀察，發現種子的胚隨層積時間的增加呈現再生長的現象，顯示珊瑚樹果實成熟時，種子內的胚並未完全成熟，需經後熟作用，胚在種子內生長一段時間後始能發芽。在不同溫度之發芽試驗中，於10、15與20℃溫度下，種子可獲得較高之發芽率，亦可明顯降低發芽時間。另外，內果皮的存在與否對於不同浸水時間之影響，其發芽率雖無顯著之差異，但去除內果皮者之平均發芽時間較未去除內果皮者明顯下降。綜合上述結果，珊瑚樹種子只需簡單的暖溫層積即可解除休眠，屬於單純非深度之形態生理休眠。種子發芽最適溫度介於10~20℃之間，且去除內果皮之種子較未去除內果皮之種子可減少一半的發芽時間。

關鍵字

後熟作用 ； 發芽 ； 形態生理休眠 ； 層積 ； 發育不全胚 ； 珊瑚樹

並列摘要

The fresh seeds (true seed with endocarp) of Viburnum odoratissimum have dormancy, with their uneven germination lasting for approximately 6 months. This study employed moist stratification, submersion, and detached seed endocarp to investigate the degree of seed dormancy and the measures to break dormancy and to facilitate germination. Under the stratification at temperatures of 4, 10, 15, 20, 20/25℃ for 2~12 weeks, the seed germination ratios increased with the increase of stratification period, and the mean germination time required decreased. Seed germination were found initiated after the stratification treatments of 10, 15, 20℃ for 6 weeks. Dissection of stratified seeds at 15℃ found that the length of embryo in seeds increased with the increase of storage period. The result demonstrated that the embryo in the seed was not completely developed when the fruits of V. odoratissimum ripened. After ripening was need for germination of the undeveloped embryo in the seeds. Under the different temperatures at 10, 15 and 20℃, seed germination ratios were higher, and mean germination time required also significantly reduced. Effects of seed endocarp existence on the treatments of different immersion time were also investigated. Although germination ratios did not differ significantly, mean germination time required for seeds without endocarp decreased more significantly than that for seeds with endocarp. In general, the seeds of V. odoratissimum require warm stratification to break dormancy. Results indicated that the seeds of V. odoratissimum were non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy. Suitable temperature for germination was between 10~20℃. germinated About half of germination time were required for the seeds without endocarp, compared to times for the seeds with endocarp.

並列關鍵字

after ripening ； germination ； morphophysiological dormancy ； stratification ； underdeveloped embryo ； Viburnum odoratissimun