臺灣針葉五木材部精油應用於植物病原菌防治之評估

Evaluation of Wood Essential Oils from Five Indigenous Conifers in Taiwan Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

鄭森松(Sen-Sung Cheng) ； 林群雅(Chun-Ya Lin) ； 鍾年鈞(Nien-June Chung) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 32卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 75-88

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.2018.32(2).1

摘要

本研究目的係利用水蒸餾法萃取紅檜（Chamaecyparis formosensis）、臺灣扁柏（C.obtusa var. formosana）、臺灣肖楠（Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana）、臺灣杉 （Taiwaniacryptomerioides）及香杉（Cunninghamia konishii）等臺灣針葉五木材部精油，計算精油含量，並利用氣相層析質譜儀分析5種精油成分之差異，另外也評估此5種精油的抗植物病原菌活性。試驗結果顯示，臺灣扁柏材部精油的含量最高 （2.45%），而臺灣肖楠材部精油的含量最低（0.62%）。至於臺灣針葉五木材部精油成分之分析，香杉和臺灣扁柏材部精油主成分分別以Cedrol （83.54%） 和γ-Cadinene（28.97%） 為主；紅檜材部精油以Myrtenol（9.64%）和α-Costol（9.32%） 為主成分；臺灣肖楠材部精油以Myrtenol（34.39%） 和 Terpinen-4-ol（28.51%） 為主成分； 而臺灣杉材部精油主要成分則以T-Muurolol （30.90%）和α-Cadinol（26.08%） 為主。另外，比較5種材部精油抑制6種植物病原菌生長之效果，以紅檜材部精油的抑菌效果最好，對6種植物病原菌的IC_(50)值為23.5 μg/mL-138.4 μg/mL，其次臺灣肖楠、臺灣杉和香杉材部精油， 其IC_(50)值分別為43.0 μg/mL-166.0μg/mL、36.0 μg/mL - ＞ 400.0 5 0μg/mL和44.0 μg/mL - ＞ 400.0 μg/mL。綜合上述結果得知，紅檜、臺灣肖楠、臺灣杉和香杉四種材部精油具有良好的抗植物病原菌效果，非常值得進一步開發成天然抗菌藥劑。

關鍵字

針五木 ； 材部精油 ； 氣相層析-質譜分析 ； 抗植物病原菌活性

並列摘要

In this study, the yields of wood essential oils from Chamaecyparis formosensis, C. obtusa var. formosana, Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana, Taiwania cryptomerioides and Cunninghamia konishii obtained by water distillation were compared and their constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses. In addition, antipathogenic activities of wood essential oils from five indigenous conifers were investigated. Results from yield of essential oils demonstrated that the yield of wood essential oil of C. obtusa var. formosana was the highest (2.45%) and that of C. macrolepis var. formosana was the lowest (0.62%). According to the constituents of five wood essential oils and their relative contents obtained from GC-MS analyses, major constituents in C. konishii and C. obtusa var. formosana wood essentail oils were cedrol (83.54%) and γ-cadinene (28.97%), respectively. Major constituents in C. formosensis wood essenstail oil were myrtenol (9.64%) and α-costol (9.32%). Main constituents of C. macrolepis var. formosana wood essential oil were myrtenol (34.39%) and terpinen-4-ol (28.51%). And main constituents of T. cryptomerioides wood essential oil were T-muurolol (30.90%) and α-cadinol (26.08%). According to the antipathogenic tests against six plant pathogenic fungi, the wood essential oil of C. formosensis had the strongest antifungal activities, with IC_(50) values of 23.5 μg/mL-138.4 μg/mL for G. austral, P. funerea, R. solani, F. solani, F. oxysporum and C. gloeosporioides. Besides, the wood essential oil of C. macrolepis var. formosana, T. cryptomerioides and C. konishii also had an excellent inhibitory effect against six plant pathogenic fungi with IC_(50) values of 43.0 μg/mL-166.0 μg/mL, 36.0 μg/mL - ＞ 400.0 μg/mL 50 and 44.0 μg/mL - ＞ 400.0 μg/mL, respectively. These results revealed that excellent antipathogenic activities of C. formosensis, C. macrolepis var. formosana, T. cryptomerioides and C. konishii wood essential oils can be used as potential antifungal agents for control of fungal diseases in plants.

並列關鍵字

Five Indigenous Conifers ； Wood essential oil ； Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry ； Antipathogenic activity