臺灣產木蘭科植物葉子精油之抗病媒蚊幼蟲毒殺活性

Mosquito Larvicidal Mortality Activities of Leaf Essential Oils from Magnoliaceae in Taiwan

鄭森松(Sen-Sung Cheng) ； 楊智凱(Chih-Kai Yang) ； 林群雅(Chun-Ya Lin) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang) ； 黃旌集(Chin-Gi Huang)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 29卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 35-44

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.2015.29(1).3

摘要

本研究評估臺灣產木蘭科（Magnoliaceae）植物葉子精油抑制埃及斑蚊（Aedes aegypti）和白線斑蚊（A. albopictus）二種幼蟲的致死功效。利用水蒸餾法萃取臺灣烏心石（Michelia compressa var. formosana）、烏心石舅（Magnolia kachirachirai）及蘭嶼烏心石（M. compressa var. lanyuanensis）三種臺灣產木蘭科植物葉子精油，其中，以烏心石舅的精油收率最高（15.79 mL/kg），其次為臺灣烏心石（9.26 mL/kg），而蘭嶼烏心石最低（5.55 mL/kg）。比較三種植物精油抑制病媒蚊幼蟲之活性得知，蘭嶼烏心石葉子精油抑制埃及斑蚊和白線斑蚊二種病媒蚊幼蟲的效果最佳，其半數致死濃度（LC50）分別為66.4 μg/mL和55.7 μg/mL。進一步利用氣相層析質譜儀（GC-MS）分析三種植物葉子精油的化學成分，發現臺灣烏心石葉子精油的主要組成分為γ-Muurolene（29.24%）、α-Cadinol（24.19%）與 β-Caryophyllene （20.00%）；烏心石舅葉子精油的主要組成分為β-Pinene（31.16%）、cis -β-Ocimene （21.03%）與α-Pinene（13.62%）；蘭嶼烏心石葉子精油的主要組成分為β-Elemene （34.79%）、Spathulenol (17.11%）與α-Cadinol（7.04%）。由三種病媒蚊幼蟲毒殺試驗結果得知，蘭嶼烏心石葉子精油具有潛力開發為天然的殺蚊子幼蟲藥劑。

關鍵字

白線斑蚊幼蟲 ； 埃及斑蚊幼蟲 ； 葉子精油 ； 木蘭科 ； 抗病媒蚊幼蟲活性

並列摘要

This paper evaluated mosquito larvicidal mortality activity of three leaf essential oils from Magnoliaceae in Taiwan against two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. Essential oils were prepared by water distillation. The leaf essential oil of Magnolia kachirachirai (15.79mL/kg) has the highest yield than Michelia compressa var. formosana (9.26mL/kg) and M. compressa var. lanyuanensis (5.55mL/kg). Mosquito larvicidal tests demonstrated that the leaf essential oil from M. compressa var. lanyuanensis exhibited the most effectiveness against both A. aegypti and A. albopictus larvae at 24h with an LC50 value of 66.4μg/mL and 55.7μg/mL, respectively. Constituents of three leaf essential oils from Magnoliaceae were identified by GC-MS. Major constituents in M. compressa var. formosana leaf essential oil were γ-muurolene (29.24%), α-cadinol (24.19%) and β-caryophyllene (20.00%). Main constituents of M. kachirachirai leaf essential oil were β-pinene (31.16%), cis-β-ocimene (21.03%) and α-pinene (13.62%). And main constituents of M. compressa var. lanyuanensis leaf essential oil were β-elemene (34.79%), spathulenol (17.11%) and α-cadinol (7.04%). These results revealed that the leaf essential oil of M. compressa var. lanyuanensis might be considered as a potent source for production of fine natural larvicides.

並列關鍵字

Aedes albopictus ； Aedes aegypti ； Leaf essential oils ； Magnoliaceae ； Mosquito larvicidal activity