臺灣杉葉子精油化學多態性及其抗病媒蚊幼蟲活性

CHEMICAL POLYMORPHISM AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM TAIWANIA CRYPTOMERIOIDES

劉怡秀(Yi-Shiou Liu) ； 鄭森松(Sen-Sung Cheng) ； 林群雅(Chun-Ya Lin) ； 葉汀峰(Ting-Feng Yeh) ； 張上鎮(Shang-Tzen Chang)

《中華林學季刊》 48卷3期 (2015/09) Pp. 305-320

摘要

臺灣杉(Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata)為臺灣特有樹種之一，本研究利用水蒸餾法萃取12個不同地理品系臺灣杉葉子精油，計算其收率，並使用氣相層析-質譜儀(GC-MS)分析其組成分。由精油收率結果得知，和社10的精油收率最高(0.80%)，而玉里7的最低(0.10%)。12個不同地理品系臺灣杉葉子精油利用GC-MS分析、群團分析(ClusterAnalysis)及主成分分析(PCA)後，依組成分種類及其相對含量可得到 3個化學品系：Limonene(檸檬烯)型、α-Pinene(α-蒎烯)型與混合型。此外，本研究亦評估此12種不同地理品系臺灣杉葉子精油及其成分之抗病媒蚊幼蟲活性。試驗結果發現，臺灣杉葉子精油抗埃及斑蚊與白線斑蚊幼蟲活性，皆以八通關9(Limonene type)之效果最佳，試驗24 hr後之半數致死濃度(LC_(50))分別為41及75 μg/mL。由精油成分的抗病媒蚊幼蟲活性評估，得知Limonene的抗病媒蚊幼蟲活性最佳，不論試驗時間為24 hr或48 hr，其半數致死濃度均低於50 μg/mL。綜合試驗結果顯示，臺灣杉葉子精油本身以及精油成分Limonene均很有潛力成為做為天然的殺蚊子幼蟲藥劑。

關鍵字

埃及斑蚊 ； 白線斑蚊 ； 化學多態性 ； 葉子精油 ； 抗病媒蚊幼蟲活性 ； 臺灣杉

並列摘要

Taiwania cryptomerioides is an endemic species in Taiwan. In this study the leaf essential oils of twelve geographical provenances of T. cryptomerioides were extracted by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions were characterized using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). The maximum yield (0.80%) of essential oil was collected from Heshe-10 geographical provenance, and the minimum yield (0.10%) of essential oil was collected from Yuli-7 geographical provenance. According to the constituents of leaf essential oils and their relative contents obtained from GC-MS analysis, cluster analysis, and principal components analysis (PCA), the twelve geographical provenances were divided into three chemotypes - limonene, α-pinene and mixed types. In addition, the mosquitocidal activities of leaf essential oils and their constituents from twelve geographical provenances of T. cryptomerioides were investigated in this study. Results from mosquito larvicidal test demonstrated that the leaf essential oil of Batongguan-9 (Limonene type) geographical provenance had an excellent activity against Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus larvae. The LC_(50) values of leaf essential oil of Batongguan-9 (Limonene type) geographical provenance against A. aegypti and A. albopictus larvae after 24 hr were 41 and 75 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, it also showed that the effective constituent in leaf essential oil was limonene with an LC_(50) value below 50μg/mL after both 24 hr and 48 hr. These results clearly showed that T. cryptomerioides leaf essential oil and limonene are of great potential as natural insecticidal agents for mosquito control.

並列關鍵字

Aedes aegypti ； Aedes albopictus ； Chemical polymorphism ； Leaf essential oil ； Mosquito larvicidal activity ； Taiwania cryptomerioides