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數值地形模型推算河系網之碎形維度

Using Digital Terrain Model to Analyze the Fractal Dimension of River Network

摘要


本研究以一地理資訊系統之原始數值地形模型(DTM),計算流域諸地文因子及其碎形維度。主要是在無凹陷的DTM上計算各點之流向及累積流量,就由此累積流量數之特定値卽門限值(threshold)分辨河川及集水區,並且結合網格資料及向量資料量測流域諸地文因子;由此不同的門限值自動萃取出不同的河系網,再以網格法(grid method)分析其不同比例尺度之河系網的碎形維度。本文係以水里集水區之DTM資料爲例,經由研究獲得了碎形尺度的指數和特徵的尺度,此提供了分析河系網的一大方法。

並列摘要


Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is available in most area on Taiwan and become an important data source for geomorphologic study. This paper presents an analysis of basin's geomorphologic factors and fractal dimension using DTM. Raw DTM are processed to creating more data sets including depression-free elevation, flow direction, and How accumulation. Drainage pattern and subbasins for different scales can be delineated by changing thresholds of flow accumulation. The river networks also converted to vector data format for calculating their fractal dimensions implemented by Grid Method. Such process was applied to Shui-Lee watershed to estimate the index of fractal dimension and characteristic scale.

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