台灣河川與集水區構成體系之研究

River and Watershed-Configuration Tree in Taiwan

梁昇(Sheng Liang)

《中華水土保持學報》 28卷3期 (1997/09) Pp. 211-229

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.199709_28(3).0005

摘要

作者曾針對現行的台灣河川與集水區命名構成體系進行追蹤與分析後發現台灣地區現行的命名體系不合理，學理上的研究缺乏，實用上引起許多混淆。本研究根據分析得到台灣河川與集水區體系分開命名的缺點，而合一命名未見建立，是以重新整理台灣河川與集水區分布圖。由於工作量龐大，本研究僅就完成的烏溪流域爲例加以說明。本研究提出之河川與集水區合一結構體系，爲四階定位法，即流域－基本集水區－河段－座標。並建議水土保持法中修改增列「基本集水區」一詞，並將基本集水區定義爲「在二萬五千分之一經建版地形圖上，按Seahler氏河川等級定義之某等級限界（烏溪例爲5級）集水區或高於該限界之任一同級河段集水腹地集合區域」，河段碼包括等級、段序、位序三成分組成，有單碼與複碼之別。座標可使用衛星定位儀或橫麥卡脫投影二度分帶經建版地圖之數化地理資訊系統地圖取得。本研究以烏溪流域爲例，在此四階定位法下，有烏溪沿海，烏溪內陸，台中東南，貓羅溪上游，頭汴坑溪上游、草湖溪、北港溪、南港溪與眉溪九個基本集水區。流域上任一點位均可獨一無二地正確定位。配合各單位實際應用特性，水資源局、水利處、水土保持局、林務局及各縣市政府均可在此統一命名體系下運用無悖，有利於未來全流域整治系統性規劃之促成，更有利於未來水資源資訊整合與科技化。烏溪以外的地區將依本研究提出結構體系繼續加以完成。

關鍵字

四階定位 ； 構成體系 ； 基本集水區 ； 河段 ； 流域

並列摘要

The prevailing river and watershed-configuration tree used in Taiwan was found as unreasonable, void, ambiguous, and impractical after analyzing its functions. A new configuration tree, thus, was created and initiated in Wu Shi river basin in this study. This new system is a four-level configuration tree as ＂River Basin-Base Watershed-River Segment-Coordinate.＂ The definition of Base Watershed was suggested as ＂Using topography map (Economical Reconstruction edition) of the scale of 1: 250, 000, any watershed at the specified order or the collective water contributing areas of each upper order by following Strahler's definition on river segment and watershed.＂The River-Segment code was composed of three components of order, segment sequence and site sequence. Coordinate was suggested to be determined by GPS or TM2 map in GIS. This study presents the Wu Shi River Basin case with nine Base Watersheds, i. e: Wu Shi coastal area, Wu Shi inland, Taichung SE, Tour Biann Keng Shi upper, Tsau Hwu Shi Mhau Lou Shi upper, Beei Gaang Shi, Mei Shi. and Nan Gaang Shi. Any site within this river basin or these base watersheds can be absolutely defined by the four-level configuration tree suggested in this study. All organizations in charge of or pertinent to soil and water resources management can be communicated each other perfectly under this common system and, thus, systematic river-basin wide planning can be reached in future. Author will continue to work out the detail configuration trees of other river basins in Taiwan to speed up its applications

並列關鍵字

Four-level siting ； configuration tree ； Base Watershed ； River Segment ； River Basin