綜合利用太陽能、氰氮化鈣及拮抗菌對落花生白絹病之防治效果

Effects of Solarization, Calcium Cyanamide and Trichoderma Application on the Control of Southern Blight of Peanut

程永雄(Y. H. Cheng) ； 黃杉茋(S. C. Hwang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 26期 (1991/06) Pp. 61-67

https://doi.org/10.29558/XLZY.199106.0006

摘要

為探討綜合利用太陽能、氰氮化鈣及拮抗菌對落花生白絹病防治效果，於落花生播種前土表面覆蓋透明塑膠布，施用氰氮化鈣及拮抗菌等田間處理。結果顯示，8月間秋作落花生種植前土表面覆蓋透明塑膠布可提高土表層5公分處之溫度16℃。覆蓋塑膠布最高地溫55℃，最低地溫29℃，調查期間20天內維持40℃以上時數達180小時，對照不覆蓋處理最高地溫40℃，最低地溫25℃，40℃的以上時數只有2小時。秋作栽培落花生，土表面覆蓋塑膠布處理，能有效控制白絹病之發生。土表及土表下5公分處之白絹病菌核均未有存活，可提高發芽率80.4%外並減少田間植株罹患白絹病0.4%。氰氮化鈣及病原菌拮抗菌之施用，因其效能為緩效性一時無法顯示防治效果。

關鍵字

白絹病Athelia rolfsii（=Sclerotium rolfsii） ； 菌核Sclerotia ； 落花生Peanut

並列摘要

For studying the effects of solarization before planting treatments of covering with transparent plastic sheet on soil surface and application of cyanamide and Trichoderma on the control of southern blight of peanut, have been conducted at Tainan DAIS farm in 1988. The results are Summarized as follow. The temperature under soil surface 5cm in depth can increase 16°C after covering and it keeps on 40°C or more for 180 hours during the detec detecting period while the control plot without any treatments has only 2 hours. The highest and the lowest temperature of soil were 55°C and 29°C at the treatment of covering with plastic sheet, respectively, were 40°C and 25°C for the control plot without any treatments.Before planting, planting rows which were covered with plastic sheet can get good results for the control of southern blight of peanut. The sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii can't survive in the soil surface or under the soil surface 5cm in depth. So it can increase the rate of germination up to 80.4 percent and reduce the disease of southern blight nearby 0.4 percent.