台南區毛豆產量及品質之栽培改善策略

Cultural Strategies for Improving the Yield and Quality of Vegetable Soybean in Tainan District

連大進(T. J. Lien) ； 吳昭慧(C. H. Wu) ； 黃山內(S. N. Huang) ； 王裕權(Y. C. Wang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 39期 (2002/06) Pp. 12-23

https://doi.org/10.29558/XLZY.200206.0002

摘要

本研究為了建立一套適合台南地區毛豆栽培技術，自1997年起至2000年止連續4年開始針對栽培方法進行一系列探討，以期提高合格莢產量及品質。試驗結果，在水旱田耕作方式以前作種植水稻利於後期之二期作毛豆之生產，每公頃合格莢產量為8,745公斤，較前作高粱顯著增產1,520公斤；而前作種植水稻時一期作毛豆之每公頃合格莢產量為8,291公斤，較前作玉米顯著增產2,140公斤，合格莢率由65.4％提昇至75％。作畦以低畦15公分的高度較高畦30公分的高度之每株莢數、總莢重、合格莢重及合格莢率為佳，其中秋作低畦較高畦栽培之合格莢產量每公頃增加1,000公斤。在肥料試驗，1997年秋作以每公頃N-P2O5-K2O為60：60：60公斤的合理化施肥之合格莢產量8,732公斤高於一般施肥區之8,252公斤，且每公頃淨收益為44,488元，可增加18.5％之收益。1998年春作每公頃施用氮肥20公斤並接種根瘤菌，其合格莢產量較未接種根瘤菌每公頃施用氮肥180公斤者增加15.8％收量，至於不同成熟性之各個品種在5種施肥用量處理下其合格莢產量之差異皆未顯著。晚熟種TS82-01V春秋作的播種量以每公頃26萬株有最大的鮮百粒重及合格莢重，而早熟種TS85-21V則以38萬株之合格莢重顯著大於26萬株及32萬株。

關鍵字

毛豆 ； 栽培技術 ； 耕作制度 ； 栽培密度 ； 肥料

並列摘要

In order to establish a set of adaptable cultivation techniques to boost the yield and quality of vegetable soybean in Chi-Nan area, trails were conducted from 1997 to 2000. Results showed that vegetable soybean grown after spring rice got pods yield 8,745 kg/ha which was 1,520 kg/ha more than after sorghum. Vegetable soybean grown after summer rice yielded 8,291 kg/ha pods which was 2,140 kg/ha more than after corn. Graded pods percentage in the former cropping system was 11.6% higher than the latter. It indicated that vegetable soybean grew better after paddy rice. For the height of cultivation bed, we found the 15 cm was better than the 30 cm. The vegetable soybean grown in 15 cm bed had more pods per plant, total pods, graded pods and higher graded pods percentage. The graded pods of 15 cm bed out yielded the 30 cm 1,000 kg/ha in autumn crop. Fertilizer rate N 60-P(subscript2)O(subscript5)60-K(subscript2)O60 kg/ha yielded graded pods 8,732 kg/ha and got net profit NT$44,488/ha which were 7.0% and 18.5% more than the conventional, respectively.Rhizobia inoculation in combination with 20 kg N/ha got 15.8% more graded pods than 180 kg N/ha in spring, 1998. However, we also found that there were no difference in pods yield among the rates of nitrogen fertilizer application for the tested varieties with various maturing days. For the tests of planting density, results showed late-maturing line TS 82-01V in spring and autumn had higher 100-grain weight and graded pods in 26 plants/m^2 plot (the low density), while early-maturing line TS 85-21V grew better in 38 plants/m^2 plot (the high density).

並列關鍵字

vegetable soybean ； cultivation techniques ； cropping system ； planting density ； fertilizer application