臺灣常見稻種之產量相關等位基因型調查

Development of Functional Markers in Yield-related Genes and Analyzation of Allelic Diversity in Rice Cultivars

王聖善(S. S. Wang) ； 陳榮坤(R. K. Chen) ； 楊藹華(A. H. Yang) ； 羅正宗(J. C. Lo)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 64期 (2014/12) Pp. 56-72

摘要

產量是水稻育種重要性狀之一，目前已有許多水稻產量相關性狀基因相繼被選殖並運用於分子標誌輔助選種過程。本研究針對國外已發表之產量相關基因，包含每穗粒數基因（IPA1、GNla與NAL1）、千粒重基因（GS3與GW5）、耐倒伏／半矮性基因（DEP1與SD1）、抽穗期基因（HD6與EHD1）與不易落粒性基因（SH1）進行功能性分子標誌設計，並針對國內外常見80個優良水稻品種／品系進行分析，結果顯示所蒐集之44個稉稻品種普遍具有高每穗粒數等位基因nal1（佔所分析稉稻品種／系97.6％）、寬粒型等位基因Gw5（92.9％）與早抽穗等位基因hd6（50.0％）；於參試的36個秈稻品種中則普遍具有高每穗粒數等位基因Gnla（86.1％）、長粒型等位基因gs3（54.3％）與耐倒伏／半矮性等位基sd1（69.4％）。此外，比較80個參試品種／系之外表型與基因型結果顯示，於秈稻族群中，帶有sd1與gs3等位基因之品種／系相較於帶有Sd1與Gs3等位基因在株高與粒長外表型上具有顯著差異；於稉稻族群中，帶有ehd1等位基因之品種／系相較於帶有Ehd1等位基因顯著較晚抽穗。綜合以上結果，希望能夠提供臺灣水稻育種者於育種親本選拔時之參考，並期待能實際的運用於水稻分子標誌輔助選種過程。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 產量基因 ； 分子標誌輔助選種

並列摘要

Yield is one of the important traits in rice breeding. Up to now, there are many major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for high-yielding traits have been indentified and used in rice breeding via markers assistant selection. In current study, 10 yield-related genes, including grain number (IPA1, GN1a and NAL1), grain weight (GS3 and GW5), plant height (DEP1 and SD1), heading data (HD6 and EHD1) and grain shattering (SH1) have been designed as functional markers. In order to understand the allelic diversity of 10 yield-related genes within common rice cultivars in Taiwan, 80 cultivars, including 44 japonica and 36 indica cultivars were analyzed using these 10 functional markers. The result shows that 97.6%, 92.9% and 50.0% of japonica cultivars present high grain number allele (nal1), large grain allele (Gw5) and early heading data allele (hd6), respectively. Moreover, 86.1%, 54.3% and 69.4% of indica cultivars present another high grain number allele (Gn1a), large grain allele (gs3) and semi-dwarf allele (sd1), respectively. In addition, comparison between the result of phenotype and genotype within 80 cultivars indicates that indica cultivars carried sd1 and gs3 allele display significant difference in plant height and grain length; Japonica cultivars carried ehd1 allele display significant difference in heading data. All of the above suggested that we might improve rice yield by introgressing yield-related alleles through markerassisted selection in backcross breeding programs.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； Yield-Related Genes ； Marker-Assisted Selection