利用分子標誌輔助回交選育早熟之秈糯稻品系

Breeding Early Maturing and Glutinous Lines of Indica Type Rice with Marker-Assisted Backcross Selection

劉長軒(Chang-Hsuan Liu)

指導教授 ： 林順福

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農藝學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201702427

摘要

為配合臺灣中南部輪作制度的需求，農民希望栽培具早熟特性的水稻品種，
然而現有的地方品種大陸秈雖具有早熟特性，所收穫稻穀卻需儲藏半年以上才可供加工利用，且國內目前無早熟秈糯品種。因此本研究之目的是將台稉糯1號
品種所具有的低糊化溫度(alk)、多穎花數(SPIKE)及糯性(wx)基因利用分子標誌
輔助回交育種的方法轉移至大陸秈品種，希望能選育早熟及適合加工用的秈糯稻優良品系。本研究成功篩選出與alk、SPIKE及wx等三個目標基因緊密連鎖的SSR分子標誌，其連鎖距離分別為0.12 cM、0.26 cM及3.66 cM；並由252組
標誌中篩選出49組具多型性且易判別的SSR分子標誌，即每對染色體至少有
4個分子標誌可供遺傳背景分析使用。本研究先利用2個目標基因之分子標誌
確認雜交成功的F1植株，接著進行87株 BC1F1植株的前景選拔及抽穗期和株高的外表性狀選拔，並且在278個BC2F1個體進行前景選拔及抽穗期、株高、穗數及主穗粒數等外表性狀選拔，共選獲10株優良BC2F1植株並自交以產生BC2F2種子，這些植株除了具有三個目標基因外，尚具有與輪迴親相近的稔實率，並無因秈稻與稉稻雜交所造成稔實率下降的問題。此外獲選植株中有9株與輪迴親
遺傳背景相似度低於85%，後續選獲品種可望以非實質衍生品種的條件申請品種權。本研究採用新提出的回交後代重組自交系的育種方法，即僅回交兩代並配合重要性狀外表性狀選拔超越輪迴親的品系，本研究結果初步證實此一育種方法的
有效性。

關鍵字

糯稻 ； 成熟期 ； 穎花數 ； 分子輔助回交

並列摘要

To fit for the rotation system in central and southern Taiwan, rice farmers prefer growing early maturing variety. Although there is an early maturing local variety available, Da-lu-xian, its grains need to be stored more than six months before procession. Thus, the purpose of this study was to transfer low gelatinization temperature (alk), high spikelet number (SPIKE), and glutinous (wx) genes from Taikeng Waxy No.1 variety to Da-lu-xian with marker-assisted backcross selection method and to select early maturing, suitable for processing, and glutinous lines of indica type rice. In this study, we successfully developed three SSR markers closely linked with target genes, alk, SPIKE and wx, respectively. Correspondingly genetic distances between markers and genes are 0.12 cM, 0.26 cM and 3.66 cM. We screened 49 polymorphic markers from 252 SSR markers and at least four markers for genetic background analysis were distributed on each chromosome. At first, we confirmed F1 hybrids with markers of two target genes and then performed foreground selection and phenotypic selection based on days to heading and plant height, for 87 BC1F1 plants. Then, we carried out foreground selection and phenotypic selection according to days to heading, plant height, spike number and grain number of principal spike, for 278 BC2F1 plants. Eventually, we selected ten superior BC2F1 plants to produce BC2F2 seeds. Besides possessing three target genes, these superior plants have normal fertility rates close to the recurrent parent. No decrease in fertility rate was found which often occurred in a cross between indica and japonica type rice. Furthermore, nine out of the ten selected plants had similarity less than 85% of genetic background in the recurrent parent providing qualification for plant variety right without the limit of essentially derived variety. In this study, we adopted a new breeding method of backcross recombinant lines. That is backcrossing twice and selecting lines superior to recurrent parent in terms of important traits. The effectiveness of the method has preliminarily proved according to the result of this study.

並列關鍵字

Glutinous rice ； Maturity ； Spikelet number ； Marker-assisted backcross

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