設施蘆筍節水滴灌應用效益研究

Study on the effectiveness of drip irrigation in greenhouse asparagus

謝明憲(Hsieh, M. H.) ； 郭明池(M. C. Kuo) ； 陳水心(S. S. Chen)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 72期 (2018/12) Pp. 21-31

摘要

蘆筍為高單價產品，對筍農具高收益潛力，蘆筍採設施栽培有降低莖枯病感染率，並可穩定嫩莖產量及增進品質；然因灌溉方式仍採用溝灌，常易供水過多導致田區土表板結、畦溝泥濘等不利嫩莖生長及採收問題。基於滴灌為解決前述問題的有效方式，因此本研究目的係比較設施蘆筍滴灌及溝灌之嫩莖產量及品質差異。歷經2年調查結果顯示採用滴灌之嫩莖產量均顯著高於溝灌栽培者，且柔嫩度調查顯示滴灌之嫩莖所需截切力值較低及變異度較小，另滴灌用水量低於50%溝灌耗水量。本研究證實設施蘆筍滴灌栽培具提升產量及穩定品質之經濟成效，且有節省灌溉用水之水資源保育效益。現有技術：蘆筍採用防雨設施栽培能有效控制莖枯病發生，且避免受颱風豪雨危害，但灌溉方式仍採用溝灌，常易供水過量而導致雜草滋生、土表板結及畦溝泥濘等不利嫩莖生長及採收等問題。創新內容：依據不同生育期需水差異，建立設施蘆筍滴灌管理模式，並藉導入土壤EC值及水分含量感測器應用，栽培者可即時監測及維持土壤最適水分含量。對產業影響：證實設施蘆筍應用滴灌栽培具提升嫩莖產量及穩定品質成效，且有節省灌溉用水效益，生產者若採用該方式將有助於提升設施蘆筍產業競爭力。

關鍵字

蘆筍 ； 設施栽培 ； 滴灌 ； 產量 ； 截切力

並列摘要

Asparagus has a high price and is profitable for producers. Greenhouse cultivation is a good way to lower the risk of rain-induced infections, such as stem blight, and can stabilize yield and quality. However, in Taiwan, asparagus cultivation still uses furrow irrigation, which easily causes some problems, such as soil surface compaction and muddy trenches, which are unfavorable to spear growth and harvesting operations. Drip irrigation is a water and labor saving alternative to avoid these problems. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in yield and quality of asparagus by drip and furrow irrigation in greenhouses. After two years of experiments, the results showed that the yield of the spears in drip irrigation was significantly higher than that of the furrow cultivation. The tenderness survey of spears showed that the shear force required for cutting and the variability in drip cultivation was lower than those in furrow irrigation. In addition, the water consumption of drip irrigation was 50% lower. This research has proved that producing asparagus in greenhouses with drip irrigation is much better in yield and quality of spears. It can also save water resources and increase the benefit to farmers. What is already known on this subject? The occurrence of stem blight can be controlled by the rain protection in cultivation of asparagus, which is also a good way to avoid damage by typhoons and heavy rain. However, furrow irrigation is still mainly used today, which can cause weed growth, soil compaction, muddiness, and more water consumption. It is unfavorable for spear growth and harvesting due to excessive water. What are the new findings? The principles of drip irrigation management in greenhouse asparagus production was established according to the water needs at different growth stages. In addition, the utilization of soil EC and moisture monitors can help producers maintain adequate fertigation levels. What is the expected impact on this field? It has confirmed that it is possible to improve yield and quality by using drip irrigation, as well as reduce irrigation water consumption in greenhouse asparagus production. If producers adopt this method, it is expected to improve the competitiveness of the greenhouse asparagus industry in the future.

並列關鍵字

Asparagus ； Greenhouse production ； Drip irrigation ； Yield ； Shear force