土壤熱處理改進洋桔梗連作障礙之研究

Heat treatments with sick soil to reduce the continuous cropping disorder of Eustoma

張元聰(Chang, Y. T.) ； 王美琴(M. C. Wang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 74期 (2019/12) Pp. 36-46

摘要

連作障礙是現今洋桔梗的主要栽培問題之一，本研究擬以日光加熱法或熱水法處理解決現有連作障礙問題，執行方法為日照強烈的夏季先以米糠混入連作土壤中，每平方公尺用量為1公斤，或不加米糠直接將土壤翻鬆作畦，噴灌或少量淹灌提高土壤含水量至15%，再以透明塑膠布覆蓋於土表，只要土表溫度達到60℃以上超過30日，去除塑膠布，加米糠者可再重新耕犁作畦種植，不加米糠者不耕犁直接種植。冬季太陽熱處理溫度不足應採用熱水處理法，先作畦並保持土壤疏鬆乾燥，以熱水機之100℃熱水直接澆灌土壤，待冷卻後直接種植，就能正常生長避免連作障礙。現有技術：洋桔梗連年栽培產生連作障礙現象，現有處理以輪作、淹灌等方法效果不佳，使得連作障礙成為產業發展之瓶頸。創新內容：本研究以簡易的日光加熱法或熱水法，以低成本的方式處理連作土壤，具有明顯的改善效果，解決溫室洋桔梗產業問題。對產業影響：推廣在夏天以日光加熱法處理，或冬季以熱水處理法可改善洋桔梗連作問題，提昇切花品質，促進產業發展。

關鍵字

洋桔梗 ； 連作障礙 ； 自毒作用 ； 日光加熱法 ； 熱水處理

並列摘要

Soil sickness continuous cropping has become a serious problem for Eustoma cultivation. Solar heating or hot water treatment with sick soil was expected to reduce the problem of continuous cropping. In summer with blight sunshine, the sick soil was mixed with rice bran (1 kg bran in one meter square of soil), and ridges after ploughing. Thereafter, the soil was misted or flooded with 100℃ hot water to increase soil water capacity to 15%. Then, the soil surface was covered with clear plastic film to maintain for one month helping the soil temperature was higher than 60℃ in sunny days. After that the soil with bran could be plowed again and ridges for planting. Those without bran were ready for planting. However, in winter seasons, when soil temperature could not easily increased. Therefore, we suggest drenching with hot water (100℃) after plowing ridges. What is already known on this subject? Soil sickness of Eustoma is a serious problem. The effects of rotation or flooding are inconsistent or not effective. Continuous cropping limited the production. What are the new findings? Simple solar heating is low cost and hot water treatment reduced disorder of the sick soil. This can improve cultivation in the greenhouse culture. What is the expected impact on this field? Solar heating in summer time and hot water treating in winter time can reduce the problem in continuous cropping of Eustoma. It can improve the quality of cut flower and increase profits.

並列關鍵字

Eustoma ； Soil sickness ； Autotoxicity ； Solar heating ； Hot water heating