不同套袋對白肉種紅龍果品質及外觀之影響

Effect of different bagging materials on quality and appearance of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Britt & Rose)

黃士晃(Huang, S. H.)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 74期 (2019/12) Pp. 55-71

摘要

在臺灣白肉種紅龍果果實於夏季容易因高光及高溫造成果實外觀品質下降，本研究探討不同套袋對白肉種紅龍果果實品質及外觀之影響，包括白色紙袋（PW）、牛皮紙袋（PB）、織布半網袋（袋體上方為白色（W1）、藍色（W2）及黑色織布（W3），下方為白色紗網）以及泰維克布半網袋（袋體上方為泰維克布，上下兩面顏色分別為全白（T1）、藍上白下（T2）、藍下白上（T3）、紅上白下（T4）、紅下白上（T5）、黑上白下（T6）及黑下白上（T7），袋體下方為黑網），並以黑網袋（NB）為對照組，結果顯示不同套袋對內部品質影響不大，但會明顯影響果皮外觀著色及苞片與果皮厚度。套袋遮光率程度越高對向陽面果色越有改善效果，果皮轉呈淺紫紅色，然遮光過高苞片會偏黃綠；深色袋容易吸熱增溫，袋內高溫對於苞片及果皮具有增厚效果，反之則變薄，袋體高溫甚至造成苞片尖端壞疽。以整體而言，牛皮紙袋（PB）及5種泰維克布半網袋（藍上白下（T2）、藍下白上（T3）、紅上白下（T4）、紅下白上（T5）及黑下白上（T7））有較佳的外觀色澤及品質。現有技術：臺灣紅龍果套袋種類繁多，主要以網袋、紙袋及不織布袋為主，不同套袋效果不一，各有其優缺點。創新內容：開發新型專利套袋－半網袋，並比較不同套袋及對白肉種紅龍果果實外觀與品質之影響，評估適合之套袋種類。對產業影響：建議適合白肉種紅龍果之套袋種類，以提升果品外觀及品質，高農民收益。

關鍵字

紅龍果 ； 套袋 ； 果實品質

並列摘要

Quality and appearance of white-fleshed pitaya decreased mostly caused by high light and temperature in summer in Taiwan. Fourteen types of bags were evaluated on white-fleshed pitaya fruits, including black-net bag (as control, NB), paper bag (white (PW) and brown (PB)), non-woven bag (covered with gray plastic films, NG), 3 colors (white (W1), blue (W2) and black (W3)) of woven semi-net bag (a combination of colored woven on the upper side and the white net on the other side) and 5 semi-net bags with the upper bicolored Tyvek paper (combinations on the upper and the lower layers were white-white (T1), blue-white (T2), white-blue (T3), red-white (T4), white-red (T5), black-white (T6) and white-black (T7)), and the lower black net. Fruit were bagged on 7 days after anthesis (DAA) til harvest. The results show that different bags had little effect on internal quality. However, external appearance and the thickness of peel and bracts on the fruits were greatly affected by bagging materials. While the shading degree of the bags increased, the color of peel turned into light purple-red and the bracts of fruit turned into yellowish green. The thickness of the bract and peel faced the sun increased due to the higher temperature in the darker bags and some of thebracts had sunburn necrosis. Our results indicated that the brown paper bag (PB) and 5 types of bicolor Tyvek semi-net bags (blue-white (T2), white-blue (T3), red-white (T4), white-red (T5), and white-black (T7)) had a positive effect on the improvement of fruit color in summer. What is already known on this subject? Many kinds of bags for pitaya were used in Taiwan. Net bags, paper bags and non-woven bags are the main bag types. Each own had different effects advantages and disadvantages on the quality and appearance of pitaya fruit. What are the new findings? We developed a new patented bag called semi-net bag. This study evaluated the effects of different bags on the appearance and quality of pitaya fruit, and recommended the suitable bag type for the farmer. What is the expected impact on this field? The suitable bags were recommended for bagging to improve the appearance and qualities of white-fleshed pitaya, so, farmers' income is increased.

並列關鍵字

Pitaya ； Dragon Fruit ； Bagging ； Fruit quality